THE

PATRIOT'S PROGRESS

Being the Vicissitudes of Pte. John Bullock

Related by HENRY WILLIAMSON and drawn by WILLIAM KERMODE

Reviews

You can read more than sixty reviews of "The Patriot's Progress" in British and American newspapers and journals at https://www.henrywilliamson.co.uk/57-uncategorised/161-the-patriot-s-progress-publishing-history-critical-reception#crit

Here is a sample:

From the Times Picayune, New Orleans, 17 August 1930:

[War books too numerous to mention BUT:] “The Patriots’s Progress” by Henry Williamson and William Kermode demands notice. These collaborators, Mr. Williamson writing the narrative, Mr. Kermode cutting the stark black and white drawings which seem really a part of the text, as if the tale were told partly in hieroglyphics, were comrades at arms. . . .

“The Patriot’s Progress is rich in excellent descriptive passages. No war book surpasses it. [Quotes here Gerald Gould, London critic:] “The most deadly, the most dreadful, and at the same time the most beautiful of the English war books.”

Times Herald, Dallas, Texas, 13 July 1930:

. . . Here is your world war as was, minus all the glamour that official press agents created to make it look from afar like a Fourth of July picnic. Williamson himself was in the war four years and the story could be his own, but isn’t. It is a composite of several stories assembled and made that of a mythical John Bullock . . . [the book is] a synthesis of experiences, [as had by all soldiers - & gives a list of nationalities who took part] all the rest; on every front. With the prospect of repeating John Bullock’s experiences, there are few, very few, persons who would be willing to go to the front.

Savannah News (Jane Judge), 13 July 1930:

The immediacy of Henry Williamson’s account of the war experience of one young Englishman gives [the book] appalling intensity. It is a book of terrible honesty and hence of beauty. Unspeakably painful yet bearable because it is real.

[The tale is told – then compared with other ‘fictionalised narrative’] but seldom in so straight forward a fashion. . . .you actually move through this war story from moment to moment through the experience of John Bullock. . . . ‘Death of a Hero’ by Richard Aldington and the war novels of Ford Madox Ford lose some of the vitality [due to propaganda insinuated through them]. This is neither a novel nor propaganda but a record so essentially true . . . only Henry Williamson could tell it in this unaffected and poignant way.

Drawings cut in lino by William Kermode give the narrative greater force and vividness . . . the combination makes the book significant.

From the New York City Tribune (Herschel Brickell) 20 July 1930:

“Patriot’s Progress” is the attempt of a finished literary artist who has full command of his medium, and who was in the mess himself, to portray Everyman at War. [Takes reader through the tale.]

The undercurrent that lies beneath the whole book seems to mean that wiser men than John bullock have no business to let him and his kind go dumbly and uncomprehendingly into wars. . . . Mr Williamson’s battle scenes are extraordinarily good. . . .

[“The Patriot’s Progress”] will be of especial interest to those who know the other work of its author, because it shows him in a changed mood as well as a changed manner. He has suppressed that sensitivity . . . that makes him seem sentimental at times; he writes with feelings so deeply harrowed, . . . and the effect is all the stronger.

From The Nation, 17 September 1930; short and to the point:

Mr. Williamson, in his luminous descriptive prose, has written a second fine war book. It is the story of a young English private who might well have been named Everyman. For we are not shown the inner life of John Bullock in those respects wherein he differed from his fellows but we recognise him at once because he typifies his fellows. The reader follows Everysoldier from the time he joins up with high hopes and inflamed spirits on through his terrible ordeals and into the Valley of the Shadow [note the nod to Bunyan and the Bible] of agony to his emergence, crippled, forever handicapped. The story is short, graphic and haunting. It belongs among the best of the increasing number of war memorials in literature.

Oakland Tribune California, 13 July 1930:

Henry Williamson Increases His Stature With “The Private’s Progress,” Courageous and Candid Book of a War Private

. . . His use of abruptly broken sentences, his forceful punctuation, tell so much more than even his own precise and brilliant verbage could otherwise. . . .

If more such narratives of the war are to be written, let them be by those of the greatness of soul and the literary equipment of Williamson.

From the British Press

Mr. Gerald Could, distinguished English critic, writes in the London Observer:

" 'The Patriot's Progress' really is a great book. Even after all the war-books of a similar pattern that have gone before, it heats on nerve and heart with a terrific and almost intolerable power. The hero, John Bullock, is an ordinary bewildered youth: joins up: goes to the front: endures horrors and humiliations: is wounded: loses his leg: comes home: and is told by a toff on Armistice Day: 'We'll see that England doesn't forget you fellows.' To which he replies 'We are England'—and that is one touch about which I am doubtful I. I don't think the dumb driven Bullock of the story would have been inspired to that crushing repartee. But it is possible. For the rest, I cannot attempt to illustrate this book by quotation. It must be read for its crescendo. Timid as I am about superlatives, I think it is perhaps the most deadly, the most dreadful, and at the same time most beautiful, of the English war-books; I at any rate have read none that I am more anxious to recommend, or would less willingly read again. The illustrations are better than illustrations: they seem to accompany the text, in theme and spirit."

The British novelist Arnold Bennett writes:

THE WAR STORY OF THE ORDINARY MAN Terrific Description and a Tremendous, Overwhelming Indictment

There have been so many war books, and so many good war books, and so many good English war books . . . An effort is being made to maintain that our soldiers, in addition to being heroes, were archangels. For myself I prefer them to have been what they were – men. . . .

. . . [the PP details] It is short, and it is not a novel . . . It is the account of the war career of a plain ordinary man, John Bullock, who entered the army with a dogged sense of duty and left it minus a leg. The author has not drawn John Bullock as an individual. John Bullock is Everysoldier. . . .

The account is simple and awful, absolutely awful. [meaning ‘inspiring awe; worthy of profound respect; solemnly impressive, reverential; notable of its kind’: NOT its degenerated modern usage – AB was of the old school!] Its power lies in the descriptions, which have not been surpassed in any other war book within my knowledge. I began by marking pages of terrific description. But I had to mark so many that I ceased to mark. [But] Henry Williamson was keeping resources in reserve for the supreme attack, in which Everysoldier lost a leg.

This description (p. 169), quite brief, is a marvel of inspired virtuosity. And it is as marvellous psychologically as physically. . . . No overt satire, sarcasm, sardonic irony in the book. Yet it amounts to a tremendous, an overwhelming, and unanswerable indictment of the institution of war -- . . .

A word as to Mr. Kermode’s drawings . . . [which he didn’t at first like but -] they are very good and just as much part of the book as the text itself . . . The two forms of expression are here, for once, evenly complementary. “The Patriot’s Progress” ought to have a large sale.

Morning Herald, Sydney, New South Wales, 8 August 1930, (unsigned):

A STRIKING WAR BOOK

“The Patriot’s Progress” by Mr. Henry Williamson is still another war book. But such a war book! . . . none can surpass this for the terrific and almost intolerable force with which the senses are assailed. . . . It expresses the feelings of a man thrown into the turmoil in a state of mind that must have been the same as countless thousands.

Mercury, Hobart, Tasmania, 20 June 1930, (unsigned). The review first assesses the general glut of war books, pointing out that everyone’s experience has been similar, and therefore repetition is inevitable:

Mr. Williamson has written of the war before in "The Wet Flanders Plain" and sketchily in "The Dream of Fair Women": but there is little doubt that he will want this publication to stand as his most important contribution towards the literature of the war. "The Patriot’s Progress" is a difficult book to appraise. One can say . . . that it has all been written before . . . [or] dismiss it as unimportant; but intelligent perusal will reveal the fact that Mr. Williamson has achieved an unusual feat. . . .

The very sincerity of the story would lift it above the rut, and this powerful sympathy is accompanied by an equal achievement in expression. [There is no indication of awareness of Kermode’s Tasmanian roots.]

Other Books

To Students and Teachers

Why read a book written over 80 years ago about a war few Americans now know much about?

For one thing, this book is especially accessible. It's written at a sixth grade level. But the content may keep you from racing through it.

Imagine attending a high school reunion ten years after graduation with over a third of your class dead or wounded. This is what happened to the young men of Europe in 1914-1918. U.S. losses were 126,000 when worldwide losses were 17 million. This is what this book is about. But it is not a story of battles and the names of the important generals. The author imagines the feelings a young man from his first days with his drill instructors, to the losses of his buddies to the loss of his leg. The subject matter is the emotions of war and the details of life in the trenches.

Henry Williamson's description of the physical world are unsurpassed. You will be with him in the mud, and in the rain and with the rats in the trenches. And you won't mind any of it; you will just be happy to have survived another shelling. Williamson fought in the war, and brings an intensity to the story that maybe only a veteran would have. In addition to his books about World War I, he was one of the best nature writers of the last century. You will see how the details of the war holds readers.

So this book will deliver a clear picture of what World War I was like from the view of a private in the British army. Is this short read enough to fulfill our obligation to the past? Or do we need do more and think in detail about when we should send people to die?

Many questions jump out about the war. Some of these are just about the facts of the period. Others might end up as useful writing assignments combined with reading the book.

Barbara Tuchman's excellent “The Guns of August” described the politics of the years leading up to the war, and why the war started. Your teachers may know of other accessible books about the causes of the war. With more information from other books, or your history textbook...

1. Why did the United States intervene in World War I after President Wilson promised to keep us out of war?

2. How much did German “unrestricted submarine warfare” threaten the lives of Americans? (In the early 20th century, foreign trade was an insignificant factor in the American economy. All the goods and services we needed were produced at home. We were completely energy and food independent.)

3. Would free trade with Europe without the threat of submarines fulfill your definition of a core American interest worth going to war to protect?

4. What sectors of American society prospered from American support of England and France in World War I? (The Wikipedia entry on the American entry into World War I is detailed.)

5. What are the core or fundamental interests of the United States today?

6. Given the details of the war you have seen in “The Patriot's Progress,” would you have gone to war if drafted in WWI? Or would you have resisted the draft during World War I?

The time to read history and make decision about the direction of America is now while you are in high school. As you may know, life after high school may not give you the opportunity to study history in detail. History courses are not popular in four-year colleges; they are not required in most community colleges or trade schools.

In my high school in the 60s, we read not a word about Vietnam in our two years of history classes in 1962-1964 in freshman and sophomore years. It was early in the war, and few Americans had died at that point. But by the year we graduated in 1966, many more had died and still no words about Vietnam. 1966 was the 4th worst year of the war, but still no time and place to study the war at my school.

As citizens do we have a responsibility to drop the official curriculum at times when Americans are dying overseas, and devote ourselves to life and death topics which will affect the futures of our classmates?

In the spirit of supplying a traditional study guide, here is some vocabulary specific to World War I that you will see in the book.

A Blimey was a good wound that was severe enough to get a soldier out of the war.

A palliasse is a pallet of straw used for bedding.

A parados was an elevation of earth behind a fortified place as a protection against attack from the rear, especially a mound along the back of a trench.

An estaminet was a café serving drinks.

A salient was a bulge in the front lines vulnerable to attack from the flanks.

Territorials were British troops from its colonies and Canada and Australia.

Wipers was another name the British used for Ypres, the scene of major battles in the war.

For readers of this book outside the United States, the reason for the purely American references is that I had a good friend die in the Vietnam War in 1971, and a family member serve in Iraq,  so I have some personal interest in where we send young people to serve and possibly die.

And as you might imagine, there are other excellent maps and descriptions of the causes of World War I online.

Jim McCabe

Content Manager

Ebooks for Students, Ltd.

Copyright and Grade Level

Grade Level is 6.4 using the Flesch-Kincaid readability test with sample chapters.

First edition published by E.P. Dutton & Company, 1930.

Electronic edition published by Ebooks for Students, Ltd., 2023.

See our other biographies, novels and popular history at ebooksforstudents.org. See our titles on Amazon at https://amzn.to/3brofzU.

Comments  or questions to support@ebooksforstudents.org or (202) 464-9126.

Table of Contents

Reviews

To Students and Teachers

Dedication

FIRST PHASE

SECOND PHASE

THIRD PHASE

FOURTH PHASE

FIFTH PHASE

Dedication

FIRST PHASE

JOHN BULLOCK, a youth beloved by his parents, was a clerk in the City of London. Both his father and mother came of farming stock; his grandparents had come from the country to work in the new factories being put up everywhere during the young Queen Victoria’s reign. Two generations away from the sun on the fields had changed ruddy faces to pale faces, but the father did not think of this. His chief concern was that his son should have a better life than he himself had had: this meant more money. So John became a clerk when he left the Council School, and his father was very proud of him.

Every morning John Bullock went to London on a train that took twenty-two minutes to reach Cannon Street Station—unless it were foggy. Except in the hot summer the windows of the train were closed; men and girls were sitting close together on the seats, seldom speaking. Puffing pipes, reading, newspapers which formed the surface of their minds, wearing sombre clothes, usually shapeless, and hard bowler hats, the old and middle-aged men in the carriages were once like John Bullock.

Although the thought was rarely, if ever, expressed, these men believed that they were of the, finest race on earth, superior to all foreigners. Twenty-two minutes up to the City every morning, before nine o’clock: twenty-two minutes down every evening, after six o’clock. All of them working so that their wives and families should eat and live; some of them thinking, at odd moments, of the sun on the English fields, and dreaming of better days for their children; then reading their papers again, in the smoky air of the shaking compartments, with rare and scarcely-formed thought that their way of life was inevitable, and that such conditions of fog, rush, negation of dreams, fatigue, semi-insecurity of their jobs, would remain until the end of the world.

John Bullock was expected to arrive before nine o’clock every morning at his office near Cannon Street. He addressed envelopes, typed and copied letters in the press book, and nearly always did what the chief clerk told him. At one o’clock he went out to his dinner, which often he ate on London Bridge, watching the ships in the Pool of London, the human life on the wharves, and, in winter, the gulls screaming and soaring along the parapets. Sometimes he walked to St. Paul’s, and opened the sandwiches his mother made for him on the steps; or strolled to the fish-market by the Monument.

Another haunt of his was in Gracechurch Street, where, beside a smoky church, was a garden with white-splashed paths and seats in plane-tree shade; and pigeons which cats tried to: catch, and sparrows which often were caught and borne away shrieking. When John heard the chirping shriek of the teeth-pierced sparrow he wanted to rescue the bird, but he did not act on his desire. Nor did any one of the many other quiet people resting and eating in the old churchyard; although only the aged or the destitute did not feel sorry for a dying sparrow.

The summer of 1914 arose over the streets of London like any of the five other City summers John Bullock had known since leaving school at the age of fourteen years. It was hot in the streets, from which, arose the smell of solid-tyred motor-buses and the dust-specks of horse traffic. One day towards the end of July John Bullock felt very pleased with life, for on the first of September he was going to cycle down to the seaside, and begin his yearly holiday of fourteen days, to which he looked forward, and saved up for, all the rest of his year. He would see the sun on the fields, and shining on the sea; he would hear band music at night under the moon, and perhaps meet a girl who would be as beautiful as the advertisement for the Face Cream he had cut. out of a sixpenny magazine and pasted, (with office paste) into his pocket book. Fishing, his new white flannel trousers (5s. 11d., Aristos), sailing, pier, unlimited ices and ginger beer, no train every morning, the sun-flickers on the toppling wave—fragments of mental pictures of these and other  happinesses made him content as he strolled back to the office, fag in mouth, hands in pockets. He passed a newspaper shop just as the owner was putting out a board with the contents bill in large black type—

TO HELL WITH SERBIA !

The paper was called John Bull. He forgot it immediately; but he heard the word Serbia again and again. Something about a bomb. Everyone was talking of a bomb and Serbia, same old rubbish in the paper day after day. And on August Bank Holiday John Bullock came home and found his father reading to his mother about the threatened invasion of Belgium, and the mobilization of Russia and Germany. The Serbian news was no longer rubbish. As the August days went on the men in the train, who usually would only look round their papers without speaking if one trod accidentally on a boot and made apology, became more and more genial; to dare to try and sit down on a seat made for five and just holding four bulky forms was almost an act of friendship.

In the London County Council Recreation Ground where he met his friends every evening “ To hell with Serbia !” had become “ To hell with Germany!” Soon the extent of Germany’s behaviour became known through the newspapers: the Germans were burning the Belgian villages, shooting old people and sticking bayonets through Belgian babies, raping the women during drunken orgies, and cutting off the limbs of children. Kitchener appealed for an Army of 100,000 men, and John hurried to enlist for “ three years or the duration,” anxious lest the war might end before he saw some of the fun. Everyone said the war would be over by Christmas, for the Russian Steamroller was rolling towards Berlin, and in France the Huns—as the Germans were now called—were losing all their men in mass attacks which always failed. This common knowledge was in every newspaper, and on everyone’s lips.

For hours John stood in a queue with other men, outside the door of the Recruiting Office. At last, his turn came: off with collar, tie, shirt, and vest: boldly he spoke the words Ninety-nine, out of his chest unnaturally inflated. It was a nervous moment when, in a line with other men, he swore the Oath of Allegiance, holding a Bible very firmly between finger and thumb while a gentleman in uniform spoke words for him to repeat; but by the time he got home the nervous moment had become a proud moment, and he had forgotten how he had mumbled the words before other men. That afternoon he went up to the office to say good-bye to the other chaps, and to shake Old Smith, the head clerk, by the hand. His place, of course, would be kept open for him, he was informed by the Boss. Others had joined up too; but young Walton, always rather superior owing to his superior education at a secondary school, was still there. He explained to John, who felt grateful to him for speaking so nicely to him, that as soon as the Firm could spare him he would go too; and he mentioned how many of his relations were with the Services, one of them being a Captain in the Army Service Corps.

He would ask this captain cousin to keep an eye on Bullock if he ran across him; and John left to go home feeling that he could look anyone in the face. If only he had been in uniform, with a gun or a sword! The next morning he had to report to the Recruiting office at nine a.m. At a quarter past eight he said goodbye to his mother and father, hastily kissing his mother, and, after hesitation, shaking his father’s hand. “You won’t forget to keep your feet dry, will you, dear,” said his mother, and looked at him with pride that hid her sadness. She wanted to ask him to be sure not to forget his prayers; but, remaining silent, her heart began to ache.

Perhaps, he won’t be needed out there at all, she thought, but will be kept for Home Defence. “Good-bye, Son!” she clasped him, silently praying. “Good-bye, old man,” said his father, smiling. “Write when you’re not busy.” “Righto. I don’t expect there’ll be much time, you know, but I’ll keep you posted.” “Thank you, dear,” said mother, and wanted to clasp him once more, but he had opened the gate and was walking up the hill. “Well, mother, it’s a righteous cause, and our Jack has acted like a man,” said Dad, as the old folk turned back into the house again.

“ Yes,” said Mother, but she said no more, for a void had come in her breast, that would remain until her son came home again and everything was as before. A sergeant with a red-white-and-blue rosette in his cap, very smartly dressed (his tunic and trousers had been taken-in closer than regulation fit by the depôt tailor) marched them at noon from the recruiting office to the railway station. Little boys marched by their sides, keeping better step than the recruits; some old men lifted their hats; others when in groups, but never singly, cheered; one old lady waved out of her window, crying shrilly, “Remember Belgium!” In front of John Bullock marched a real gentleman—John knew he was that, because he wore a top-hat, like some of the rich directors of the other companies in the building, in whose near presence he had always felt subdued. and inferior. Now he spoke to the top-hatted gentleman with friendly ease, and even offered him a cigarette. Girls smiled at them, some of them saying, “Good luck!” and at the railway station a crowd was gathered to cheer them away. With the others in his compartment John yelled and cheered, imagining himself smashing Huns with fat faces and pig-eyes, who ran away before the mighty cheers and thrilling trumpet balls of the Charge!

Before the end of the journey he was swearing like the seven other men, and had lost one shilling and fourpence at Nap played on a newspaper spread on knees—just as he had seen men playing sometimes on the 6.5 train home in the old days, when he had never dared to play, having been warned of the card evil, by his mother when he had first gone to the City. People cheered and children waved to the men in the train; more shouting and hat lifting when they marched, or rather ambled away from the station, a sort of broken human concertina moving along the street. They came to the barracks, and so entered the reality of a soldier’s life. John Bullock was surprised, and slightly shocked, at the curt, almost rough, way the sergeants spoke to the recruits. After a meal of bread and margarine, and a mug of tea that was too strong and too sweet, they were paraded in line and told off into squads, each under a man picked by an officer who appeared suddenly in the room. They were asked what experience they had; and since the man with the top hat had used a shot gun on the marshes of the Thames, he was put in charge of John’s squad—after his hat had been put aside, as ordered, on the shelf above his bed.

The squad was marched to the Quartermaster’s stores to draw palliasses and blankets and bed-boards, which they brought back to their room with its grey-painted walls. When each man had been given his numbered bed-place along the wall, the squad was paraded  again and told that no passes would be issued that evening, but that they could go to the canteen and walk about inside the walls until nine-thirty, when they must be back in their room for Roll Call. Lights Out would be at ten o’clock.

“Now then, when I say Dismiss, turn to the right, pause, and then break away. Party, ‘Shun! Spring to Attention there! God damn it, you’re like a lot of cripples. All right, fall out!” Most of the squad had money in their pockets. John had tasted beer before, when cycling on Saturday evenings in the country, more a self demonstration of his manhood and freedom than a refreshment; and that evening, depressed by his surroundings and the loss of freedom, all so different from what he had imagined, he drank two pints in the canteen, and felt less lonely. The feeling of being more a man returned, and he pleased himself by swearing, a habit he had lost since his school days, and by truculent references to what he would do when he got hold of the Huns.

This was the general feeling in the canteen until someone started singing, when their high spirits returned, and they cheered. When John went back to his room with a man he had chummed up with, a fight was going, on, and several men were half drunk. The sergeant came in to call the roll when the bugles rang across the parade ground; bottles were hidden, orders were shouted. At ten o’clock the lights went out as the bugles echoed around the brick walls and windows; and John tried to sleep. He was too hot, sleeping in his shirt and pants; the brown blanket was harsh round his neck, the square straw canvas-covered palliasses were hard with the boards under them. His neighbour coughed and spat on the floor; several men began to snore; the traffic of lorries, motor-buses and cars along the road outside the barracks did not cease. He thought of his mother’s face; and wondered upon the future; the darkness pressed upon him. Just as he was trying to sleep a man down the room was sick, and someone else said “Christ! ” in a voice of disgust; it was the sick man’s neighbour.

“What do you want to drink beer for?” said another voice, “Lord Kitchener specially warned us against drink. We shan’t win by drinks and cheering.” To which the sick man, now recovered after the expulsion of the beer, replied with several oaths connected with salvation And private functions of the human body.

Several men laughed, and the. door of the sergeant’s cubicle opened at the end of the room, and his voice said sternly, “Stop talking, and get down to it!”  Between one and two o’clock John Bullock fell asleep. He was awakened by the sergeant shouting in the room. Reveille had sounded two minutes before; the sergeant was a Reservist, and a fortnight previously he had been a respectful and quiet publican in a west-country village. His voice, was echoed by the Top-hatted Toff, as the recruit put in charge of Bullock’s squad was already nicknamed.

They fell in for physical exercises. After much confusion in numbering, and assorting odd numbers from even numbers, followed by more confusion upon opening ranks, they turned their heads left and right; they bent backwards, forwards and sideways; they went down on their hands, bending and straightening arms; lifting legs, sagging and collapsing, groaning, blowing, and complaining. They dismissed for shaving and washing; fell in for a slice of cold fat bacon, bread, and thick-sweetened tea. Afterwards they paraded for squad drill, left turn, right turn, about turn, left turn, on the right heel and the left toe, on the left heel and the right toe, Christ a’ mighty, they were ’opeless as a lot of bleedin’ sheep. Stand at ease, stand easy, fer Gawd’s sake. The corporal-instructor was yellow-haired and pale-blue eyed; the fury of Indian sunshine beating on dusty parade grounds was in his voice, gesticulations, and bearing. Many muttered against him; all grumbled in heart or word; all sweated and hated the drill.  They learned to salute, to jerk their heads to right and left upon the orders of Eyes Right! and Eyes Left!

In the second week they were marched to the Medical Officer’s room for inoculation. The left arm was bared, iodine dabbed on by an orderly; they approached the officer; their skin was gripped; the needle was jabbed in. One or two fainted, another was sick; the doctor punctured arms and injected antityphoid serum at the rate of ninety an hour. They were excused all parades for the rest of the day. Some said it meant France at last, especially as rifles, although of an antiquated pattern, had been dished out.

That afternoon John Bullock shook with cold, his teeth chattered; for two hours he thought he was going to die, but at six o’clock he felt better and went to have a wet in the canteen. They still awaited uniforms. They went for their first route march, still a human concertina, but not ragged or broken or distended beyond itself. It was a long march, fifteen miles. The rifle made his shoulders ache, and the blisters broke inside his thin socks. His boots, recently issued, were too big.

He was a hundred and ten miles away from home, and still hoped for a week-end pass; but the married men went first, and then only five per cent, of the company. John Bullock had been a soldier two months when, one morning, all his room were stirred by the rumour that uniforms were being dished out—khaki uniforms, too, not the blue that many battalions of Kitchener’s Army were wearing. “Latrine rumour, as usual,” said the Corporal, whose nickname of the Top-hatted Toff had long been disused. Yet it was so; and eagerly they waited before the Quarter Bloke’s store, for tunics, trousers, puttees, and service caps.

The regimental badges and shoulder-titles were much admired. Several attempted to pinch an extra badge; some succeeded. The rolling of puttees was a mystery that few solved before a week. The rolls opened like the gills of fishes; they were too thick round the ankle or too tight round the calf. They groused about their puttees, about their food, their parades, “Physical jerks,” leave (or its remoteness) which they now called “leaf.” They hated with a fierce and sullen hate the drill-instructors, often vowing that when they got overseas a bullet would accidentally on purpose one dark night....John grew heavier, more alert, his eyes brighter, his skin less like a railway carriage window after a fog. One night when the roll was being called, after he had returned with his chum Ginger (not the original) from the local cinema, the orderly sergeant read out, “The following men will parade tomorrow morning with kit-bags and such marching order as they possess, for entrainment as reinforcements to——and then followed a meaningless place-name. Silent and tense they listened. Sounds of relaxation increased as name after name was read out. “No. 19023 Private John Bullock.”

Fine, leaving the blasted barracks at last! Hurray! The corporal called them to order sharply, and instant silence followed, with a reading of other names. The sergeant went away, they fell out, and what a hubbub and shouting with joy! France next! Anywhere, so long as they never saw the barracks again. Imagination elated them with its mental pictures. After a merry and careless train-journey they got out at a bare-looking, station, where many soldiers were working or lounging, military vehicles with chalk dust on their grey-painted bodies and khaki-coloured hoods stood about, and military policemen with red-covered caps and brassards of M.F.P. on their arms. They marched out of a siding, watched by a tramp on the dusty wayside, who was binding his foot with a length of cast-off puttees. “Goin’ to join us, dad?” The tramp went on binding his feet as though oblivious of the scores of thousands of soldiers in the camp of the Great Plain. “Take that man’s name for falling out without permission,” cried another wag, in the mock-voice of an officer. The tramp did not even look up. They marched on, carrying kit-bags, and came to a camp of hundreds of bell-tents pitched in lines under the grey-green downs.

Very soon it became for them what they called a God-forsaken spot, the last place God ever’ made, and other things. Twelve to a tent they slept; there was no privacy. John Bullock was still shy about the outer functions of his body, and was unable to squat with the others on the latrines, which were dug close together near the washing place, a hundred dog-graves in the turf, and open to the sky. He used to wait until darkness, and then, if it were not too late, he would seek his own privy far from the camp and meditate under the stars on the strangeness of the world.

He became ill, and reported sick, being marched to the M.O.‘s tent by the orderly corporal. Two curt questions the M.O. asked, before saying “Number Nine ” to the R.A.M.C.sergeant behind him, and writing M. and D. against Bullock’s name on the Sick Report. ” Here, take this,” ordered the sergeant, and gave Bullock a white pill nearly as big as a pea. One of the men complained of a pain, and he, too, was given Medicine and Duty—the medicine being a No. 9 pill and the duty being platoon drill, saluting, musketry drill, bayonet fighting practice, signaling with flags, extended order drill, and then dinner. After the dinner the man vomited, and was taken to the medical tent in a fever. Two days later his platoon learned that he had gone to hospital and been operated on for appendicitis.

As for Bullock, he was cured of his headaches and his shyness, and even enjoyed the early morning visits to the Lats, as they were called by those men of the platoon who washed more regularly in the open wash-house of wooden benches and galvanized iron bowls. They endured a winter of mud and cold and grousing discomfort in the camp on the Great Plain, and when the spring of 1915 came, and the beech clumps on the high downs became dark with leaves, they began to hope that they would leave the camp and go to France.” I hear that the Division is very pleased with us as a battalion,” said the Colonel one night in the big marquee mess, where, his hands and face scrubbed, and hair plastered with water, John Bullock was on mess-waiter’s fatigue.” The G.S.O.I. said he might be getting an idea of where we might be going before long.”

How John Bullock envied the mess waiters! And the lovely food they had. And how noisy were the officers afterwards; wrestling, singing songs, throwing things about, and rolling; one of them in a carpet and lugging him to the incinerator. John wrote home about the fine feed he had had after the washing-up. Still they did not leave the camp on the Great Plain. From man to man passed all kinds of rumours—they were going to France to take part in the Big Push to Berlin; they were going to Gallipoli—had not the C.O. recently worn a pair of light khaki-drill breeches; they were being kept against a German invasion of the East Coast, where all the gun-platforms had been made in readiness before the War on concrete tennis courts and the roofs of  German-owned hotels; they were going to India; to South Africa; to Gibraltar; Malta; Japan; nowhere.

The summer waned into autumn, and still they went for route marches, carrying rifle and 150 rounds of ammunition in web pouches above their belts, water-bottle and haversack, entrenching tool at the base of the spine, entrenching tool handle and bayonet in its leather sheath at the left side, and pack containing a folded great-coat. Long since had shoulders ceased to ache at these weights of about fifty pounds, or feet to swell, and few had blisters. Foot inspection was held after every route-march; the skin of their necks, faces, hands and wrists was brown, their eyes clear; they laughed and sang and drank beer and groused. John Bullock went home on leave three times in the year he had been a soldier; each time he was given a voucher that enabled him to buy a return ticket for half the price of a single fare.

One day, soon after the Daily Mail had printed the headline, A Real British Victory at Last above an account of the Battle of Loos that thrilled and gladdened millions of English people, a rumour rushed round the camp that shortly the tents were to be taken into store. The Break Through! Huns on the run! A wave of the 1914 excitement broke over the battalion; songs were louder in the tent-lines, more beer was drunken on pay-night.

Soon came the backwash, in the statement from the platoon sergeant, who got it from no less an authority than the Regimental Sergeant-Major—a thin, upright, tough, elderly man, with a scarred face and clipped moustache, who dressed like an officer, was addressed as “Sir” by all the rank and file, but not saluted—that they were not going away, but huts were to be erected for the winter on the same camp. The grey rain drifted like smoke over the downs, over the rows of brown wooden huts. Streams of rust ran down the stove pipes; the wind moaned across the chimneys as they sat there during the long winter evenings.“Three years or the duration” became an ironical phrase.

Some of the men in John Bullock’s platoon went away to become officers, others asked for transfer. When the spring came, the spring of 1916, hope revived a little with the lessening of the mud-sheets about the dreary acres of hutments. Men began to talk of the strength of the Allies and the decreasing power of the Germans. “Wait until Kitchener’s Army goes out!” they said. They cut their regimental badge in the slope of the downs above the camp; digging away the turf and opening the chalk to the sunlight of a thousand thousand years ago. Other badges were cut by other regiments; they were seen for miles around.

They read of the Somme battles, and longed to be on those other chalk slopes away from this bloody awful plain. And when in the third August of the war, steel helmets were issued to the battalion, rumours grew numerous as the summer flies about the incinerators—for there was much food wasted in the camps; scores of loaves, uncut and half eaten, dixies full of potatoes, stew, chunks of bacon were thrown away every day on the heaps, for the civilians to take away in their horse-butts, to feed the pigs with. All talked of the great Somme victories. By next Christmas, some said, the war will be over: Yes, and we shall still be here in this bloody hole, said others. Roll on, Duration!

Then came the blow, which struck the Colonel hardest; and shook the second-in-command; and made the company commanders curse; and fed-up the platoon officers; which made the R.S.M. secretly happy, for he had been severely wounded in the Boer War, and but for this War would have been in civvy life with a pension, and he had no illusions about active service; and the sergeants, some of them back from France, to argue whether it was better to be stuck there in the mud where you could get a pint, or to be stuck in the mud where you couldn’t; and the private soldiers to grouse at the way the troops were being messed about.

The news, that came from Brigade one morning early in September, that the battalion would find drafts to reinforce those of its battalions in the field. Shortly afterwards the rank and file rejoiced exceedingly, for when Battalion Orders were read out one evening, it was learned that twenty-five per cent, of the battalion would be granted four days’ leave immediately, to be regarded as Draft Leave. Company commanders were to detail officers to march the first parties to the station at 6.30 a.m. on the morrow, with haversack rations.

There were songs and cheering in the canteen and in the huts that night, which were increased, rather than abated, by the rumours which had begun to trickle among them about the awfulness of the Battle on the Somme. Well, the sooner they were helping the boys out there, the better! Hurray! John Bullock felt strong and lusty in his nailed boots. Roll on, Duration.

SECOND PHASE

Towards evening John Bullock, who had been strolling with his friend Ginger on the downs during the afternoon, went to his hut and began, with other men of his draft, to put together his equipment. He worked with a slow seriousness never experienced before. They had been excused all parades after mid-day; the webbing of their equipment had been scrubbed and cleaned with khaki bianco until it looked cleaner and neater than when it had left the Army Ordnance Department at Pimlico. The brass buckles and tabs shone very bright. The iron ring of the entrenching handle was burnished to the gleam of silver, with the bayonet handle Jock and guard, the point of the scabbard, and the tin-opener and spring of his jack-knife.

The rifling of his short Lee-Enfield glimmered marvelously with the least film of oil. Even the soles of his draft boots had been blacked and polished. Outside the battalion orderly room, with its white-washed row of flints, by which the sentry of the Headquarters Guard with fixed bayonet paced regularly, a bugler appeared, and sounded the call for the Orderly Sergeant. Soon afterwards voices arose in some of the huts. Fall in the Draft! Outside the company office! Get a move on! They began to quicken their movements. Tunics were straightened, buttons hastily touched to make sure once more that they were fastened, trousers reset again.

Arms were crooked into the braces of heavy and pendulous equipment—the soldier’s Christmas tree. Cartridge pouches, filled water-bottle, stuffed haversack, slung P.H. gas helmet, entrenching tool and handle, bayonet in scabbard, massive rectangular pack holding housewife, groundsheet, overcoat, spare underclothes, socks and the intimate odds of each man’s property, these linked and connected were bumped and heaved on the back, shaken into place, and held fastened by the broad web belt. Steel helmets, called tin hats, were lifted gingerly on to heads, and the chin straps adjusted. The chin strap made John-Bullock feel very strong and soldierly. “Hon parade! Come along there! At the double!”

The Captain and his officers, his C.S.M., his C.Q.M.S., followed by the company orderly sergeant, and the platoon sergeants of each platoon in turn, inspected them. Afterwards they stood easy, while the Captain wished them good luck, saying how much he regretted not going with them: but he couldn’t help himself. It was bad luck, but there it was, he supposed the Higher Authorities knew best. “And boys,” he said, suddenly dropping the voice of an officer and speaking as one of themselves, “give the boche hell! The sooner they’re all killed, the sooner we’ll have peace. And if the fat Hun ups with his hands and cries Kamerad!— a little habit of theirs after they’ve fired all their rounds—well you know what you were taught to do to the stuffed sacks on the bayonet fighting parades. Personally, I prefer pig-sticking, for you can at least eat a pig.” They laughed. He felt he was popular: a temporary captain, before the War a bank clerk earning £110 a year : often he wished he was of the regular officer class, hence the reference to pig-sticking.

“Draft [ Properly at ease everywhere! Draft, ’shun! Move to the right in fours! Form fours! Right! By the left, quick march! Garry on Sar’-Major!” Lep-right, lep-right! lep-right! cried the C.S.M., and the hundred men—nearly half the company—marched across the worn parade ground to opposite the orderly room, where the R.S.M. was waiting by the drum-and-fife band. “B. Company Draft—at the halt—on the left—form;platoon!” Four hundred men were in the battalion draft, drawn up one company behind the other; A,B, C, and D.

The rattle of drums and the thin colourless piping ceased. The R.S.M. called the Parade to attention. All present  A. Company draft? Present, sir! All present B. Company draft? Present, sir! All present C. Company draft?   Present, sir! All present D. Company draft? Present, sir!

The R.S.M. turned about as though with an impersonal controlled fury; marched to the orderly officer stamped himself to attention; flung up his right arm in a rigid salute; and barked out: “Draft all present,  sir!”

“Thank you, Sar’-Major,” murmured the Orderly Officer, returning his best salute. After inspection, “Parade, stand at ease! Stand easy!” They waited, talking in low voices. The orderly room door opened. The R.S.M, said to the Orderly Officer, in a voice of respectful confidence, “Adjutant coming, sir.” “Parade, ‘shun!” Assuming something of the rigidity of the R.S.M., the Orderly Officer strode towards the Adjutant and reported the draft all present and correct. “Fall in the officers,” said the Adjutant.

The draft conducting officers, under a captain recently second-in-command of a company, took their places in front of their men. The Colonel, who had been watching through the Orderly Room window, opened the door and stepped out. The sentry presented arms, and the C.O. touched his cap with his gloved hand.” Parade! ‘SHUN!” cried the Adjutant, and in his smartest, his stiffest walk, he went up to the C.O. arid saluted almost as rigidly as the Orderly Officer had saluted him.

After the inspection the Colonel stood the parade at ease, and spoke as follows:—” Men of the Blankshire Regiment! You are about to go overseas to join one of your battalions in the field. I need hardly remind you of the traditions of the Regiment, and of its proud record in other wars, for all of you are familiar with them. Nor need I remind you of the purpose for which you have joined the Regiment, in this the greatest of wars the world has ever known. Our cause is righteous, and God will crown our efforts with Victory, of that no right-thinking man can doubt for a moment. Meanwhile, I am confident that each one of you will do his duty in the spirit that has made our nation the finest race on earth. I only wish I could come with you—but it has been decided otherwise. Men of the Blankshire Regiment! I wish every one of you Good Luck!” A man cheered, others followed, the N.C.O.‘s and Warrant Officers tried half-heartedly to check them. Hip, hip, hurrah! The lusty cheering was echoed around the huts enclosing the hollow square of the parade ground. Isolated groups of men by the distant huts cheered back, and wished they too were going with the draft.

Headed by the drums and fifes, and led by C.O., Adjutant, and R.S.M., they went to the station, accompanied by the battalion mascot, a little mongrel dog called Kaiser Bill, who had a choice of a thousand beds to sleep on at night, and a thousand hands to feed his dainty and affectionate face. Eight to a carriage. Packs and rifles on the racks and under the seats. Games of nap. Laughter, singing, fags. Looking out of the window and waving to every girl they saw. Towards the coast the country became flat and uninhabited, with tidal creeks grown with reeds, where herons, long since grown heedless of trains of singing men, stood in the distance, or flapped away into the sunset.

The men became quieter, and soon the plaintive songs which expressed their gentler, inner selves were being sung in the darkened carriages. Lines of houses, grey and crowded; small dim dots of lights in line. The train halted, drew on, jolted to a halt again. A searchlight swung around the sky, wavered, and vanished. At last the train glided into a shed with a high peaked roof, and stopped alongside a very long platform lit by arc lamps.

Sergeants’ voices arose outside: All men to remain in their carriages. Orders came for them to fall in on the platform in fours; then they piled arms, and sat down, or remained standing where they were, in fours. Whistles sounded, engines blew off steam, and shunted; the vast shed enclosed busy platforms farther than sight. John Bullock felt very small and lonely as he leaned on the muzzle of his rifle. The distant shouts and clankings of shunted trains in the unreal light gave him, for the first time in two years, a sense of being part of something that was immensely inevitable and beyond human control. What were they all doing there?

He thought of his mother and father at home, and of the parting, at the station—not Waterloo, for, he had felt he could not endure to leave them on the big, lonely, crowded platform, where on former leaves he had seen so many women crying and waving handkerchiefs. “Fall in on your Rifles, B. Company!” He drew a deep breath. The Great Adventure had really begun! They marched down the platform, under the high wooden sheds, and came out into the colder air of night. Another wait. Slowly moving forward. Boots clattering on the gangways. His turn. He was on board the transport.

The arc lamps glistened on the water heaving between the side of the boat and the wooden piles. It sucked and slapped down there. Farther along the quay many short squat guns stood; someone was saying he had had a look at them, and they were all ripped and torn and gashed. Blimey, if solid steel got like that, what price.…Cranes were swinging wagons on board. Mules being pushed and pulled. Many voices of authority. Before he realized it the ship was gliding away from the quay. The wriggling shiny lines of the arc lamps converged and multiplied on the dark water, the unutterably desolate dark water gliding wider between John Bullock and what, he now realized with a piercing anguish, was his life. England! No cheering, no band music, no waving forest of girls’ hands: all so different from what he had scarcely formulated in his mind. Cigarette points glowed and lost bright sparks in the freshening breeze. Men began walking about, hands in pockets. “B. Company draft, this way! ” cried his sergeant.

They stumbled below, were allotted a place each on a lower, covered deck. Life belts were handed out, and fixed round chests. Some started sparring in fun. Chums wandered on the upper deck again. Quicker throbbing engines. Greenish-brilliant light flashing on the right side of ship. Blimey! They shut their eyes. The searchlight swung over the water. The ship throbbed on, leaving spreading white wake. Dots and dashes of light in the darkness. Spy! Men thronging starboard rails. Soon the order “All pipes and cigarettes out!” Escorting destroyer had signaled “Submarines,” someone told John Bullock, and “Submarines,” John Bullock hastened to tell his neighbour.

The wind freshened. The ship pitched and rolled. Many were sick. Soon after daylight they were off Havre in sunlight. Biscuits, nearly as large as dog biscuits, and bully beef for breakfast, and water. Pilot boat approached: small man in peaked cap. “Give ’em It’s a long way to Tipperary when you land—they haven’t heard it before,” he shouted, and the ship roared with laughter. They disembarked on a quay piled house-high with rolls of barbed wire hundreds of yards long and wide as a street of houses. Listless German prisoners working among them. Little boys begging, ” Souvenir, Bully Biff! Tommy, old boy, give me cigarette,” and using soldier-oaths beside the marching men.

Through the town, tramlines, uphill, ugly French girls, Chocolat Menier in blue, wooden sabots, old women in black, lounging soldiers. To the Rest Camp. Khaki everywhere. Military police with revolvers. Greenish-grey English motor cars making constant dust. A hell of a march to the Rest Camp. Dust, sweat, blistered feet on the pavé roads. They arrived at last. Thousands of dingy bell-tents. Dust. No grass. Enclosed in barbed wire.

More military police with revolvers by the gateway. Speed 6 m.p.h. for all motor traffic; Twelve in a tent. Christ, what a bloody hole. Worse than the Plain. Roll on, Duration! Y.M.C.A, hut a godsend. Crowded, clamouring, smoky. John Bullock looked at the women waiting outside, repelled, yet fascinated. French girls, so pretty, ‘struth! These were fat and painted. “Ask for a pass, Tommee!” they wheedled.

“Ma chambre is ver’ close “ere!” Little boys were there, too, saying, “Jigajig my sister for ten francs, Tommee?” and when the soldiers grinned, “You dirty little bastards,” the little boys replied imperturbably, almost formally, with the authentic London retorts. John Bullock returned to the Y.M.C.A. and wrote a letter to his mother, saying he was enjoying himself; that the crossing had been rough, but he wasn’t very sick. France very interesting country, but he mustn’t say where he was.

After dinner, feeling the Romance of War, he wrote again to his father; telling him it would be over by Christmas and ending up with a graphic description made of unconsciously borrowed newspaper accounts, of the sullen mutter of the guns bombarding in the distance, etc., etc. Actually the only sullen mutter he could hear was the lumps of bully beef stew being bombarded by the gastric juices of his belly. Two days in the Rest Camp fed them up to the teeth. Rumours came as frequently as the swirling dust between the tent lines; rumours—the imaginative essence of men enclosed and dominated in herds like cattle. At evening they marched down the hill again, singing, There’s a Long Long Trail a-Winding. The moon shone in the sky, and most of them were happy, feeling confidence in themselves to face what other men had faced and survived. Every man thought secretly, I cannot be killed. The little boys walked beside them begging; the old Froggies looked on with the least interest. They were marched into a siding strewn with paper and horse droppings. There they piled arms, and fell out, no man being allowed to leave unless for the latrines.

Night deepened. The station lights were paler and thinner than the coppery arc lamps of Southampton docks. Greatcoats were put on. After waiting four hours, they unpiled arms and were marched to a long grey troop-train, consisting of first-class carriages for the officers and rectangular wooden trucks painted Hommes 40 Chevaux (en long) 8 in white letters. There were wooden forms inside, but only enough for about half the men in each covered truck. Until midnight the men in John Bullock’s truck talked, sang, smoked, drank, and ate. The train rolled slowly, with many stops and pauses. Its whistle was strange to his ears. It always whistled after a toot on the guard’s horn, which sounded like a toy trumpet out of a Christmas cracker. The wheels ground the rails, and jolted regularly, slowly. For hours he tried to sleep, while curled like a distorted letter Z on boots and equipment and rifles, and between restless legs, while the wooden floor sent every grinding jolt and thump into his head.

He was semiconscious of sight and place, he awoke with a sour mouth, he dozed again; and with the others yawned and shivered, hands in pockets, on his feet to watch the cold grey indifferent light of dawn. Poplars lined the railway, and, soon after sunrise, John Bullock saw many bully beef tins lying all along the permanent way. Some old and rusty, most of them blue, or with red and yellow labels curling on them. Men began to breakfast— clink, clanger! Other tins joined the continuous scatter lying there. More halts. Men got down and were ordered to get back by sergeants. One came back with daisies in his hand. “What’s the ‘urry ? Anyone would think there wasn’t a war on by all you chaps sitting there. Well, no ‘urry, so I’ll go by train; otherwise I’d walk up to say ‘ow-de-do to Jerry.”

Already the attitude towards the enemy of both officers and men had changed. The grey-clad German prisoners at the base had been treated exactly as other soldiers were treated: the enemy had become Fritz or Jerry to John Bullock and his truck, who had readily absorbed the attitude of the old soldiers they had met. To the officers he had become tolerantly the old Hun and the Boche, nicknames which, for them at least, had lost the contempt and hatred of their inception. After breakfast many men were squatting on the footboards, hanging on like monkeys. A group of black clad women laughed shrilly in a far field and waved. Cheering broke out along the slow grey length of the train. “Blimey! talk about Adam and Eve! What hopes!” “I wouldn’t mind one of them pushers outside the Rest Camp now! ” “’Ere, you ain’t put no penny in the slot, sergeant!”  They were full happy now, for the sun was shining.

John Bullock began to enjoy the experience. He lit another fag and skated the match through the open doors as in boyhood he had skated cigarette cards coming along the street home from school. This was the life! On and on puffed the train, halting and dragging on, halting and jolting forward. They had long since ceased to look for signs of war. At first every broken down bam in the fields had been pointed out by the more excitable; but when evening came all were lying or sitting on form or floor. “They’ve forgotten there’s a war on.” “Let’s get out and push.” “Crikey, couldn’t I do with a pint of mild and bitter now.” During one of the long halts John Bullock heard something that, immediately its significance was realized, brought all in the truck to their feet. They listened. A sound like very distant thunder, so slight that some doubted a sound at all. “Shut up, Ginger! Listen!” Ah! That time there was no mistake.

All heard it. Another distant boom: others filling the mellow evening air. Soon they had resumed their former indifference, except the few like John Bullock who were alert for further sensations. Soon the air was shivering with distant reverberations. An aeroplane roared over the jolting train. They saw a road where hundreds of lorries were drawn up. Then a field of tents, and picket lines with thousands of horses. The cavalry! Something expected! But the cavalry had been there for more than a year. More soldiers, lorries, wagons. Everywhere thick with soldiers. An immense dump of shells piled one on another, and hillocks of things like footballs with an iron rod sticking out of each. Dust floated over the roads. Lines of houses, some with broken roofs. Lines of mules being led to waters.

Another halt. “Pass it down—No man to leave his truck without permission.” The order was shouted down from truck to truck. After a wait of three hours the train went slowly forward, and stopped in a station. They detrained there. Formed up in fours. Stood easy. Waited another half-an-hour. Marched away. John Bullock overheard an officer telling the sergeant that apparently no one knew anything about them, or where they were to go. After a night in a row of houses—sleeping on floors, windows broken and doors missing, paper stripped off walls and innumerable initials, dates, regimental names and badges written and drawn on the dirty plaster—they marched up the line. It was rumoured that they were going to join a battalion in the trenches. The road was pavé in the middle, dusty at each side above ditches. A military policeman stood at a crossroads, directing traffic. They marched through a village where peasants stood and watched them, and children begged for “Biskeets and booly biff.” Brick walls were chipped and pitted curiously: many tiles were off, and one roof fallen right in.

Soldiers with caps on backs of heads stood before a corner house by a big notice-board with names and directing arrows. They had glasses of beer in their hands. The draft cheered. “Just out, chum?” “Yes. What’s it like? Are we going to attack? Is this the Somme?” “No, chum. It’s a picnic up there. No need for any wind.” After an hour they fell out on the right side of the road for ten minutes’ halt. They marched on, with box respirators at the Alert, slung round the chest, and the flap undone. The guns were now loud in front somewhere. Light ran and trembled, flashed and quivered before them. They came to another village, whose broken walls they could see against the darkening summer sky.

A growling, droning sound grew louder and deeper; and it seemed very near. A ruddy fan of light arose and soon afterwards a heavy crash. Most of them ducked. John Bullock’s heart beat faster and he straightened his tin hat. More droning, buzzing downward curving sounds; the uprising glares, the womp womp of the exploding shells. They halted and were anxious. Those in front shuffled on. Then the whispered order.“Lead on, in single file. Sergeant Smith, follow with your two sections at fifty paces interval. Absolute silence.”

They walked on warily. A terrific blast of light, a terrific clapping shock, and a vast hissing diminishing overhead. Someone cried out, all were shaken. The power and terror of a gun firing had never been imagined. There was a battery of 6-inch howitzers behind a farmhouse, firing slow harassing fire on the back-areas of the German lines, for this was the hour, the horse transports brought up the rations to the battalion dumps. John Bullock filed on, often halting and bumping into the man in front. Other shells came droning with coarse downward furrow; ruddy glares; bursting with rending metallic crashes. John Bullock sweated and felt the New Testament in the tunic pocket over his heart-gift of the padre before the draft left the camp on the Great Plain. They passed a G.S. wagon, which was halted, its driver rapidly unloading boxes and tins.

A match flared; a cigarette puffed.” For God’s sake put that light out! “ The cigarette glowed, a voice growled.” Don’t get the–wind up, chum! ” “Are they near?” “ ‘Oo?” “The Germans?” “About a mile.” “What’s it like up there?” “Cushy.” Onwards again. They left the road and trod warily over an uneven field.” Mind that shell-hole! Pass it down,” was whispered, spoken casually, hissed with tension, carefully passed on, ignored. Ruins of walls, a stump of a church, rising and falling white lights on the near horizon. Shuffling on again. “Mind the wire!”  a voice saying by John Bullock’s knee. “Jump down. Steady. Take my hand.” He scrambled down and was in a narrow communication trench zigzagging through the fallen and standing ruins of houses.

Their boots clumped on wooden duck-boards. After many more halts they came to the Support Trench. This, like the communication trench, was revetted with rusty sheets of corrugated iron or expanded metal held close to the sides by wooden posts. Lights glimmered through holes and chinks under the eastern parapet, which was thrown into a wavering but perpetual silhouette by the lights rising and falling in white curves some way in front. Crack! They ducked. The sound was loud and sharp as the crack of an Australian stockwhip heard on the music halls—a German bullet passing twenty feet over their heads.

A voice muffled, and yet very near, sounded by John Bullock’s shoulder. “How many men, Sar’-Major?” “Forty-seven, sir, including two sergeants, three corporals, and five lance-corporals, sir. I’ve the nominal roll here, sir.” A triangle of light appeared by his shoulder, which the figure of the C.S.M. partly filled. Within the small dugout John Bullock saw an officer sitting at a table, a whiskey bottle open before him. Another officer was lying asleep fully dressed beside him, on a bed made of wire-netting nailed to a low wooden frame. “Right ho, Sar’-Major. I’ll be out in a moment.” “Very good, sir.” The army blanket dropped again, and the light-chinks wavered until it hung still. John Bullock enjoyed his first night in the trenches. Silently, ceaselessly, the white-stalked flares rose in front over the flat mysterious ground.

Bullets piped and moaned away overhead, or clacked over the trench. Shells scored the high immense darkness over the new and thrilling world, droning away into remoteness. They worked on the parapet, filling sandbags and laying them header-and-stretcher in the low and uneven places. About three o’clock in the morning, according to the luminous wristlet watch his father had given him, John Bullock crept under the gas-blanket of the cubby-hole he shared with six other men,, and pulling his woolen balaclava helmet over his head, tried to sleep.

He was awakened by a voice crying in the blanket-doorway of the low box-like shelter. “Stand to!” Outside the order was being repeated. “Pass the word down, Stand to!” They crawled out of the dug-out into the trench, shivering, adjusting tin-hats, removing old footless socks from rifle-bolts. The white lights rose and glimmered, crossed and interwove, sank slowly and dropped. Wanly the vapor shifted with the ghost of light. Pop-pop-pop—pause—crack-crack-crack—pop-pop-pop—pss—pss—A German machine gun traversing in front. The faster clatter of a Lewis gun replied from the English front line, two hundred yards away. Each man in the support line fixed his bayonet, stood his rifle against the parapet, and then, stamping feet, swinging arms, or hand in pockets, awaited the sergeant with the rum. He came as the lights grew thinner and. scarcer in the cold and stagnant air of a field dawn, when the first, aeroplanes began to cross the lines, unseen and just audible,in the dimming night.

The sergeant smiled as he dipped the small spoon into his canteen, and held it out filled with brown rum towards an open mouth. “Stuff to give the troops,” said John Bullock’s chum, gasping, smacking his lips. Flame filled the throat, spread warm in the belly. The sky grew grey, the last light faintly hissed up over No-man’s-land. “Pass the word down, Stand down!” Bayonets were unfixed and sheathed. One man in every six was told off as sentry. The others crept into their cubby-holes to sleep. Cleaned their rifles, pulling an old sock, with toes cut off, over the bolt. Shaved in a mouthful of water in their canteens. Breakfast came up three hours after sunrise—one-third of a very small loaf, stuck with sugar and tea leaves; half-a-canteen of sugared tea; a slice of cold bacon congealed in blackish-brown fat. The tea tasted of chloride of lime.

After three days in support, the Company went into the front line. The night was clear and starry. They filed past the waiting men, who were going out that night to billets six miles behind the lines. Sentry groups of three men were told off into Nos. 1, 2, and 3. No. 1 was up for the first hour. Trench stores were handed over; officers passed up and down the fire bays, explaining what work was being done, the position of wire-gaps; what patrols went out, and where. The two company commanders happened to stand near John Bullock, who was a No. 1 sentry staring with rigid alertness out over the pallid greenish-haze of No man’s-land.

His own officer, a clean-shaven youth of twenty who spoke like a man of forty; and the other, a middle-aged man with spectacles and a mild manner when speaking to the men, who had nicknamed him The Nurse. John Bullock heard The Nurse say “The parapet is a bit low here; they pooped off eleven oil-drums before we took over, and ever since they’ve had a fixed rifle firing on it. We lost a man there last night, walking up Plum Alley. Bounding Bertha’s the minnie; the emplacement is about ten yards left of Three Pollards by a ditch—here on the map”—A wan circle of light played on the trench map held by Captain Shanks of his own company. “But we haven’t asked the gunners to strafe it, as we’ve only got 4-inch stuff, and it’s useless; and the Old Hun retaliates for hours afterwards.” “Well, come and have a final spot. Any rumours about going South?” “Yes, but mostly from the latrine. Brigade’s heard nothing.”

They moved away. John Bullock knew that going South meant the Somme, where the battalion had attacked on July the first, at a place called La Boiselle. The survivors did not speak of it, except indirectly, by reference. Once when John Bullock had asked an old sweat what it was like, the old soldier—he had been out since May, 1915—had replied, “Bloody hell, mate,” and said nothing more.

When the corporal came round, he asked John Bullock what the two officers had been talking about. “Going South, eh?” After telling him about the gas gong, what part of Jerry’s parapet to watch, and not to fire until he got an order from the officer as a patrol was out, the corporal went away. That night in billets, six miles away in the village the draft had marched through on their way up, The Nurse got the rumour that the battalion was shortly going South again.

It arrived via John Bullock, the corporal, a sapper sergeant, a ration fatigue party, two limber drivers of the battalion transport, the transport-sergeant, an officer’s groom, “C” Company’s officers' mess cook, and The Nurse’s batman. “Pass it on. No. 2 sentry’s up.” John Bullock crept into a dug-out, and smoked a cigarette before trying to sleep. A candle guttered on a rusty German bayonet stuck into the earth wall. He blew it out and lay down. Something heavy walked over his face. Ugh! It drew a cold, slightly rough line after it. Green points flicked and reappeared with rustlings and sounds of scratching. He struck a match, held the flame to the bare bayonet handle, while a rat sat up in the corner, eating the stump of the candle.

The sector was quiet, only one or two men being killed by sniper or whizz-bang or oil-drum during a company tour of three days, and the corpses were carried on stretchers and buried in ground consecrated by the chaplain of a former division. Thus the rats were middle-sized, eaters of candles when they found them, and moderately afraid of a man. The German fights were brighter than the British fights, and they were more numerous. On the second night John Bullock was ordered over the sandbags with a wiring party, and another man had to carry a wooden knife-rest on a pole over the uneven ground, and through a gap in the further side of the tangle of English wire supported in its bramble-maze by screw-pickets of iron.

One knife-edge support was set on the ground; the other was placed as far as the coils of wire connecting them would pull out. He worked in a hot tremble of unreality, and stood stiff and agonized while an enemy light whiss-sshh-ed out of the ground very near him, and broke into the white, soft, downward dilating radiance that cast a greenish, haze almost of powder on everything. Hissing it fell, fizzling on the ground, leaving utter darkness and daze, and a dull red molten blob, slowly darkening inside the eyeballs.

“They can’t see you if you keep frozen,” said the voice of the Captain near him, after one such moment of terror. “All you men of the draft are doing very well,” he declared casually, before feeling his way forward with the great stick he always carried. John Bullock felt that he loved the Captain; he tried not to flinch every time a light whiss-sshh-ed upwards; tried not to imagine never, never seeing his mother again; and when, the wiring being finished without a casualty, the order to return was loudly whispered, he almost regretted that he could no longer walk about almost a free man. No more did he duck when, standing on parapet or parados, a bullet cracked by his head, sometimes making his ears ring as though it had clipped the rim of his tin hat.

And after a comfortable rear and meditation in a shell-hole where no one else had visited, he returned thinking that the War was fine. Contentment spread into the next day; and when the letters arrived, brought by the post corporal to the Company headquarter dug-out from battalion headquarters, John Bullock was happier than he had been for months. He read two letters from Mum and Dad, many times, studying and cherishing even the envelopes. In the afternoon rain began to fall steadily, washing the wooden slats of the trench-boards outside the dug-outs. He smoked until his tongue was tired, but still it rained. Drops began to drip from the sand-bagged roof.

Towards evening the wind arose, and the rain lashed the greying monotony of the flat weed-grown field, although none thought of it as a field—through which the trench wandered and zigzagged, and in places returned upon itself. Stand-to was cold and long-drawn, with wet down the neck, round the cuffs, and very soon on the thighs and belly; but endurable by the thought of warm lighted billets and parcels after the relief that night. The rain-streaks shone with the flares; and while he was crouching on the fire-step, looking out into the cold nothingness of no man’s land, he was shocked by a sudden shriek, a ruddy glare, an instant sharp crash, hard stinging spurts of earth in the blinded face. Another. Another. Another. Ringing ear-drums, and uncrouching from under the sand-bagged parapet, his eyes unblurring, John Bullock saw the same scene, the hanging wavering light-shadows, the rain-streaks and the gleams of helmets, but confused by the glare within his skull.  “Are you all right,” someone was calling. No one had been hit. They waited, but no more whizz-bangs arrived. “Jerry’s now cooking his sausages for supper,” said the sergeant cheerfully, as he thought of billets. The rain fell. They waited, many with eyes shut in half-sleep; even some of the sentries.

While John Bullock squatted in his shelter, waterproof cape over shoulders, the sky leapt alight over the parados, and soon a thundering roar was rolling around the quivering night. He scrambled out past the wet and heavy blanket to watch the bombardment of the enemy line on the right. The noise and the light passed through him, emptying his body of himself, and leaving a vacancy of incoherence, excitement and underlying fear. Standing up, gripping his rifle and looking out over no man’s land, he realized men flinging themselves against the parapet. The ruddy stabs and thudding reports of rifles. The clicking of rifle bolts. The louder reports of Verey pistols. The crackling of rapid fire swept down upon them. Every man fired blindly into the flame-jagged darkness.

German bullets swished and cracked and thudded, as though bursting, into the parapet of sand-bags. The night was a tempest of fire. Every soldier, every broken tree-stump; every stake and picket out in front, had innumerable shadows blending and quivering, dissolving and recasting themselves elsewhere in sharp outline, dissolving again as new flares, new sprays of flares, hissed and popped and bloomed over the trench. A constellation of golden stars broke above no man’s land, followed by rocket-showers of red and green fire-balls. Soon the shriek and flash of whizz-bangs. The heavy rending crash of five-nines. The upper crack and clang of shrapnel with its grey smoke, luminous and drifting. Behind John Bullock’s head the sky was leaping with light.

The British shells rushed overhead with the noise of engines blowing off steam in Cannon Street Station. The German trench was marked by vast red winking of shrapnel, the flamy fans of the heavier shells. And the bright rain, sometimes slanted and flung crooked, sometimes vanishing in steam, was unfelt but realized by John Bullock only by a remote sense beyond himself. When the night became normal again, with the rattle of rifles and machine guns far away in the dim north towards the Ypres Salient, his limbs were trembling. He felt no fear. He was exhilarated to be alive. “Did they attack?” he asked the sergeant. The sergeant laughed. He too was exhilarated to be alive. “Wind up, laddie. ” Two men had been hit. Not long afterwards voices and the noise of feet on the trench-boards.

The relief was filing in. John Bullock felt sorry for them, having to spend three days in the rain. They did not seem to care. During the five-minute wind-up, they had been waiting in the communication trench known as Plum Alley. They brought, the news that Jerry had been raided by the next division. “They copped it, too.”   “A” Company commander, Captain Shanks, handed over to  “D” Company in about a quarter of the time The Nurse had handed over to him; and with the rest of “A” Company John Bullock walked away, often bumping into other men and scraping his pack against the sides of the deep Plum Alley, while the shadows of his helmet rose and sank on the wet clay weaker and dimmer, until they had left the pop of rifles far behind.

They climbed out of the communication trench, and filed across fields, stumbling, losing touch, and waiting at the head of the Company. Men grumbled and swore: another of the captain’s short-cuts. All right for ‘im, with only a stick and a revolver and a haversack with a bottle of whiskey in it: what about full marching order with rifle, etc., etc. Some of them who had fallen in shell-holes and were double-weighted with water threw away clips of cartridges; others were so tired—for they had had little sleep or rest while in the line—that they dropped their private sandbags of coke, precious fire-buckets, which, when seen, were picked up by old soldiers following. After three hours they found the road, and closing up, fell into step. Soon a song was raised by the platoon mouth-organist; but it faded away. The sergeants shouted, ” Come on, boys, keep locked up.

By the right! It ain’t far. Come on, there, lef’ right! lef’ right!” They passed the zone of the howitzers, and the sixty-pounders. Lorries crawled past them. At last, after marching in a vacuum from the feet upwards, they reached billets, and were told off in accordance with the numbers painted by the dilapidated door. Hot tea with rum in it was dished out by grimy faced cooks’.  “That’s right, boys, get it’ down, there’s good lads.” After swallowing a quarter of a canteen of the hot and sickly drink, John Bullock began to laugh and to tell his chum Ginger that he felt quite blotto, old boy, absolutely blotto, and who cared a damn for what bloody well happened, etc. Their billet was in a barn, with cracked and broken walls stuffed with straw and sand-bags. Straw on the floor was pressed down, damp, muddy. Candles flickered beside cast-off boots, sodden packs, red cigarette spots. A bit of all right. Sleep, sleep, sleep, 0 lovely warmth and comfort, sleep until nine next morning, breakfast, no fatigues, sleep, sleep—ha, ha, blotto, he was the boy, rum was the stuff to give the troops. Good-night, Ginger, old man.

In the morning, after a leisurely breakfast—tea tasting of bully beef and biscuit stew (“it’s warm and wet, any old how ”), damp bread and congealed bacon; jam, plum and apple, P.B.I., for the use of—they cleaned up. A soldier’s best friend is his rifle. ‘Oos got a buckshee bit of four by two? Some bleeder’s pinched my bleedin’ pull-through. No matter, I’ll win the first one I see. Puttees scraped, rifles oiled, equipment put out in sun, they began itchy cooing themselves. Many were crummy. Crack! that was a big ‘un, Ginger!

John Bullock had felt an occasional stinging itch on his belly and ribs and privates, and searching he discovered a grey crawling insect, with a black speck in its middle, in the crutch of his trousers. Transfixing it with a pin, he watched with satisfaction as it kicked and cracked and slowly grew smoky red in a candle flame; until the blackened pin suddenly burnt his fingers. Power was in the sun; they were happy, caps on backs of heads, shoulders and arms easy and free.

In the afternoon there was a foot inspection: again they were amicably warned by the casual Captain Shanks that it was a court-martial offence to develop the swelled red tomato-like inflammation known as trench feet, that used to keep men on light duty or even send them down, to the base. No good any more, boys; the game’s rumbled. Every man must rub his feet with whale oil before going up the line, daily while in the line, and when out of the line.

Afterwards an inspection of box-respirators and rifles, then a parade for baths. Fatigue order, with respirators. They marched along, whistling and singing, to the brasserie, and undressed in a hop loft. Each man carrying his underclothes under an arm, they hopped, naked and crooked and tense in the cold air, playing jokes,on one another, to the shed where they handed over the smelly woolen bundles. Then clutching their grey, soiled little towels, they loped with exaggerated shivering into the cavernous room where stood the mash tubs, around which mounting forms had been erected by the Royal Engineers.

Six men to a steaming tub which looked like the sawn-off base of a big cask. The two inevitable jokes—(1) Blimey, boys, I’ve always dreamed of swimming in a brewery...and, (2) the joke about the French beer, which was generally reckoned to be what it resembled, having some body in it at last… Pass the soap, Ginger, ‘strewth, never knew you was so fond of it. Look at Nosey Bullock, crikey what a pair, ’is name shouldn’t ’ave been Bullock, but … They wallowed in the dark tub, while a sapper stoked the furnace in the comer, and. the chinks in the roof were blurred bright. Come on, out of it: get a bloody move on: there’s more than you in the Bee Eee Eff! Loath to lose the blessing of hot water, they ignored the bespectacled lance-jack below. Aow!

The sinking water was sucked away under the legs, and oogh! cold gushed out of the tap. They hopped out, laughing by the time their feet slapped on the ground. Clean vest and drawers of thick pinkish wool, and grey shirt and socks were handed to each man. They dressed and fell in on the right of the road outside the brasserie, where some German prisoners were working, scraping the blackish mud into the gutters. Some wore civilian clothes, others the field-grey uniforms in which they had come down to the barbed-wire cages; all had circles of bright blue cloth sewn into spaces cut into trousers and jackets.

John Bullock stared at them as though they had not been men; and was called out of his half-reverie by the voice of the sergeant shouting: “Fall in on your marker. By’r right. Stop talking!’’ When they got back to billets, tea was waiting for them in the big blackened dixies. Pay parade after tea waiting outside the Company office door: name called by C.Q.M.S.: stepping in smartly, saluting. Officer signing the slight brown-covered pay-book, handing it back with a five-franc note in it.

One pace back, another salute ignored by hatless subaltern holding out his wrist-watch’d hand for next man’s book: and then about turn, smart steps to the door: relaxation. With his chum, the red-faced youth called Ginger, John Bullock, went to find an estaminet marked up with the leaning, irregular letters—

Three days in billets, three in reserve half-shattered farms on day and night fatigues, three in support, three in the line. Raining, raining, raining, always bloody well raining was often ironically sung to the hymn tune of Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty. They learned more or less how the war was going on by the three-days-old newspapers, from home, sent by the post. Their letters sent home declared that most of them were in the pink. And one evening the rumour spread that the Division was being relieved; and that night the Jocks filed into the trench instead of the men of  “D” Company. The next day the battalion marched away from billets, south-west into country where the poplar trees were straight and regular, the harvest fields unpitted, and at night the gun flashes were slight and almost forgotten. They were for it! Down to the Somme again. Well, it was a good war in billets at night. Roll on, Duration!

THIRD PHASE

The white dust was on every boot and puttee. The grey mud was cracked in the ditches. By the farm houses stood the harvest wains with their high wheels, half-rotten. Sometimes an old man, veteran of 1870, about the farm; and many ugly women. They did not like the English soldiers, who took their straw and their swedes, scrounged their wood and searched for eggs, and were not above milking their cows and winning their hens. Every theft was exploited by the peasants, who made extravagant and perpetual claims. Many hated the soldiers; the quantities of tobacco and bully beef and the dumps of dung left behind by the transport lines were commonplace. C’est la guerre. Les Anglais were on their land: the peasants wanted to be left alone to their life work. Twelve to fifteen miles a day the Division marched: first one brigade leading, then another, then the third.

It was a proud moment for John Bullock when his company led the battalion, and his battalion led his brigade, at 8 a.m. one morning, from the oak woods where they had put up their bivvies the night before. Red and yellow were the woods they marched by, so peaceful and silent under the sun of early morning. Their nailed boots bit the worn, grey road. Sprawling midday rest in the fields above the sunken valley road, while red-tabbed officers in long shiny brown boots and spurs cantered past on the stubble, the larks rising before them. But the sunshine ceased; and it rained, and rained, and rained. On the sixth day they rested, with morning inspection of field dressings, rifles, iron rations—a pound tin of bully beef, and six biscuits in a linen bag, most of them being broken and even powdered—followed by gas drill by numbers.

In the afternoon they were told to rest, and to get as much sleep as they could, in preparation for the night march. Company Parade at 19½ hours. Head of battalion to pass a certain point in a certain road (map reference given to adjutant personally by the brigade major) at a certain time.“And if anyone asks you what battalion, regiment or division you belong to,” said Captain Shanks before dismissing the parade, “don’t answer. Whoever it is! That’s an order from me. Fall out the officers!” Four floppy-hatted, puttee’d subalterns walked briskly to him, aligned themselves by the senior on the right, saluted, and walked behind the skipper. “Company! Dismiss.” Boots crunching on the loose muddy grey road: loud slappings of right-hand fingers on rifle stocks: a pause, and then the noise of two hundred men free for a time.

At eight o’clock the battalion marched away from the village of thatched, white-washed cottages. The rain had ceased. They marched towards an horizon of light, which was soundless except for the dull boom of a railway gun in front. The night was cool, with a mist straying in the flat of the wide valley they had entered. During the ten minutes of the second hour John Bullock leaned on the muzzle of his rifle, and watched the illuminated sky.

He was thrilled by the silent running up and down, the noiseless expansion of flashes, the tremble and quiver of light. It was awful, and terrible, and lovely. Owing to the lie of the slow rising chalky downland, and the hollows of the valley, there was no sound of the cannonade; only the ponderous and remote reverberations of the railway gun ten miles in front of the battalion. Single flashes rose above the shimmering horizon, some flashing high and soundlessly; then many flashed together, or so near together as to make a fluttering butterfly of light that was tremulant on the horizon before flitting into darkness, to rise again with luminous wings which multiplied and filled the whole sky marvelously with silent light.

“Fall in! Close up there! By the right, quick march!” They marched on towards the unknown, some in dread and foreboding, others imagining no further into time and space than the billets at the end of the march. At nearly three miles an hour the battalion marched along the tree-lined road, passing and being passed by lorries, motorcars, motor-cycle dispatch riders, limbers, and wagons. The traffic was ceaseless. During one halt, while they were lying and standing on the right of the road, a criss-cross of searchlights began to move in the sky ahead of them, with the red pricks of anti-aircraft shrapnel.

They heard the far away bump of bombs. The order was passed down, “No smoking.” They marched on, each man in a dark world of his own lighted with songs and comradeship, some brightly, others but dimly marching into the darkness without human horizon. The brighter sky-play of soundless gunfire gleamed in the water in the ditches, it gleamed palely, very palely, on the faces above the column of marching men ten miles behind the line, still in country peaceful and unbroken—though, by day, the rolling cornlands were reburdened with dumps and camps and horses and men everywhere. The wings of light trembled and fluttered before them, glimmering on the white walls of cottages which they passed at midnight.

The songs had ceased, and the whistles; they had ceased to be living individual men who hoped. They marched with their burdens because they must, on and on, left-right, left-right, left-right, on heavy feet, with aching shoulders. All thought of being allowed to sleep, on the ground as the ultimate blessing. The moon rose out of the east, as something wasted and sick and forgotten above the battlefields of the Somme. Each man slogged on behind and beside other men, and when the order came to halt, John Bullock sat down where he stood and thought of nothing. His sweat became chilly; he stood on his hot and puffy feet, and shook, his arms.

“Fall in! We’re nearly there. Properly at ease everywhere!” They had been marching eight hours. John Bullock realized some time later that the platoon in front was leading off the road to the left. They had come to the end of the night march, among dark wooden huts with broken varnished-paper windows, rickety doors, and deal plank floors roughened to splinters by nailed boots. Here they chucked off equipment, and not waiting for blankets from the transport, slept. Drubadrubadrubadrub—the huts shuddered in the gun-fire. In the morning it was seen to be a desolate bloody hole, like all the other camps John Bullock had been in. Some of the window frames and doors had been wrenched off for firewood by former battalions. No weeds grew under the wooden walls by the door, long since having been withered and rotted by the piss of tired soldiers coming there all the summer.

The usual breakfast—black-brown congealed rasher of bacon, biscuits, a slice of dampish bread—someone said that the master-baker of Rouen, a staff sergeant-major, had been awarded the M.C.—plum-and-apple jam, and half-a-canteen of greasy tea. Rifles, gas-helmets, iron rations, ammunition, and field dressing inspection in the morning. No parade in the afternoon, but they were confined to camp. The Colonel and Adjutant and Company Officers rode away to look at the new sector they were taking over. There were rumours of attack. Some of the resting soldiers wrote home, others got down to it for a kip, a bit of shut-eye.

Next day a talk on Allied War Aims by Captain Shanks. “I’ve got some bumff here I’m supposed to read to you,” he said. “But you’ve heard all this balls before. We’ll probably go Over the top. I’m with you, boys; remember, we’re all together in this. If a shell’s got my number on it, then that’s that: if it hasn’t, I shall be all right. Same with you. The odds are three to one on a blighty. That’s all, Sergeant-Major, dismiss the company.” He was much liked by his men; and knew it. Battalion parade at 2 p.m. to go into the line. “We’re for it; boys!” cried the platoon sergeant. “They say Jerry’s on ’is last ridge now: it's open country beyond!” The platoon got ready for parade as though cheerfully. They marched under tall poplar trees, and came to a town of scarred red brick buildings and slate-scattered roofs. A flash, a yellow tinge in the air suddenly in front, a colossal crash. Grandmother, the railway gun, pooping off at Bapaume 20 miles away. They passed the gun on its multiple bogey carriage, drawn backwards by its special engine.

Albert was crammed with lorries, wagons, ambulance convoys, soldiers, mules, dumps of grey barbed wire and shells by the railway sidings, hay, sand-bags, and wooden trench-boards. German prisoners were scraping the roads with shovels and iron mud pushers. “How are yer, Jerry? Glad to be out of it?” The Jerries nodded and grinned with fellow-feeling; a German under officer in charge of them, beside a kilted sentry with slung rifle, did not smile, but saluted Captain Shanks very rigidly, as he saluted every officer that passed him.

Under the tall red-brick cathedral ruin they marched. The chaps were looking up at the top of the tower. There it was: the Leaning Virgin. John Bullock recognized the gilt figure from photographs idly glanced at in the papers some weeks before. The war would be fini when it fell, the boys said. Some said it had been fastened by steel wire up there, at night, by Haig’s secret order.  “War over soon, what bloody ‘opes!” said a soldier, covered with mud from bristly chin to sandbagged legs, sitting by the wayside.

“What’s it like up there, mate? Bad as Wipers?” “Wipers! Blime, old Wipers is cushy compared to this bleedun show!” Roll on, Duration! There were many halts on the long gradual straight road, bordered by stumps of trees leading from the town. Before and behind, them the two lines of up and down traffic were unbroken and continuous—guns and tractors, ambulance lorries, mules with flopping ears and hairy ribs and mud-rashed flanks. The wayside fields, seamed with wandering chalk heaps of old trenches and wire and pocked with shell-craters, were overgrown with fading long grasses. Upon the skyline thin dark bristles stood up; these had been woods before July the First.

More and more shell-holes; a maze of foot-paths round the rims of shell-holes. A trench with rotting sandbags on either side of the road: the murmur of voices repeating, “Our old front line!” They stared, marveling. Further on, the shell-holes were so thick and over-lapping that the whole earth was tumbled brown and grey; wire was straggled about and buried in it. Wooden crosses leaned everywhere in the old no man’s land.

Blime, the boys must have copped a few packets just about here! A mass of stuff looking as though it had been tipped out of a thousand dust-carts lay to the right in the rusty broken wire-belts and mess of trenches. An arrow signboard pointed, TO SITE OF LA BOISSELLE. The mud was piled high beside the road, a grey mud like mortar, in which John Bullock, as he passed, saw embedded, rusty rifle barrels, machine gun belts and twisted tripods, parts of wagons, tin hats, uniforms, haversacks, Lewis gun drum-buckets.

On both sides of the road, which was aswim with liquid mud almost ankle deep above loose granite, gleaming grey-white with the sky, and pinkish where the shell-holes had been filled with bricks from the sites of villages, the waste land had been upheaved and blasted beyond living colour, shape, or movement, and then made soggy and finally drowned by the battlefield rains. Everywhere rifles bayonetted the ground, sometimes hung with helmets. Drubberdrubberdrub continuous gunfire over and through all the living and the dead. John Bullock saw men, single and in couples, shuffling past them, answering no questions. Tin hats on backs of heads, no tin hats, tin hats with splinter-ragged sandbag-coverings; men without rifles, haggard, bloodshot-eyed, slouching past in loose file, slouching on anywhere, anyhow, staggering under rifles and equipment, some with jaws sagging, puttees coiled mud-balled around ankles, feet in shapeless mud boots swelled beyond feeling, men slouching on beyond fatigue and hope, on and on and on. G.S. wagons with loads of sleeping bodies.

Stretcher-bearers, plodding desperate-faced. Men slavering and rolling their bared-teeth heads, slobbering and blowing, blasting brightness behind their eye-balls, supported by listless cripples. Poor sods, thought John Bullock, and swallowed the spittle in his mouth. The halts were now more frequent; the battalion was a khaki concertina, two deep to allow the downward traffic to pass. Duller grew the afternoon, brighter the flashes of the guns under the crest of the long, slow, bleak rise in front. They came to rubble heaps ,in the half light, and a board—SITE OF POZIERES.

Already the sky beyond the high ground before them was hesitant with the wan white twilight pallor of the flares. Suddenly the dusk was split with light: instantly the air clapped stupendously in their ears. Curses of men were overborne by the uptearing and furrowing vast screech of a long-snouted naval gun in the ruins. The mules walked on, flop-eared and slow-stepping as before. Their hairy bellies and slack girths were clotted and hung with grey gobs of mud, as though swallows had started to build nests under them. The men marched over the ridge beyond the rubble heaps of the village site, and the air was rocked and buffeted by the gunfire which before had been like an oppressive and powerful drubberdrubberdrub against their heads. John Bullock saw the watery grey endless wastes of the battlefield glimmering and gleaming with the flares which soared up in white stalks and wavered as they drifted slowly down, rising and wavering and falling from everlasting to everlasting in the watery cold wastes of the battlefield. Wheels rolled and jolted on.

The hot-bodied foot-sloggers followed. Many halts. Curses. Brutal downward dronings of 5.9’s. Ruddy flashes in front. Cra-ash. Cra-ash. Cra-ash. Cra-ash John Bullock breathed faster. Cries came from far in front. Drivers crouched over their mules. For Christ’s sake get a move on in front! They waited. The woo-r, woo-r, woo-r, plop, woo-r plop, of gas-shells, the corkscrewing downward sigh, the soft plop in the mud.

Another and another. Gas shells,———them.

From behind a voice crying, “Pass the word up from the Second-in-Command to move on!” Other messages. Erz-z-z-z-z-ZAR, another salvo over them like runaway tramcars, red-smoky glares and spark-scatters and colossal rending crashes.” The —— are bracketing; they’ll get us next,” said the sergeant. Feet shuffling in front and grate of wheels. They moved on. Other shells glared and womped about the darkening unknown around them; and batteries flashed away their shells in front, firing on enemy roads and tracks. Before the crossroads they halted at a dump.  “'Ere y’are! Take this!” John Bullock had to carry a trench-board. At last they left the long straight road and floundered off down a track. Companies were now independent. A Company advanced with 50 yards intervals between platoons.

Darkness pressed upon each man, darkness sucked at him from the mud, often sucked oaths of blazing despair from his muffled, floundering being. Past the zone of the howitzers, whose immense orange-yellow flashes seemed to hiss before the clang of light flung hard squat shadows on the mud. The whole earth seemed to flash each time a gun was fired; the tearing hiss of the shell grew remote in the solitudes of the sky, and the flash seared itself with dark intensity into their brains. They went on, nearer the flares, breath harsh in mouths and nostrils.

“Sod all bully beef!” grunted Ginger, and tipped the 48-lb. box on his shoulder into a shell-hole. Jesus Christ, how much farther! The company, strung out, stopped at its head at intervals, to allow the stragglers to come up. Pass it up, not so fast in front. Pass it down, is No. 4 platoon closed up? Lead on. Suck and slop of mud above ankles. Slither and flop and lurch and aching became unreal and everlasting. A hissing shriek, a flash, a clashing crack. Another. Another. Another. Whizz bangs. They were searching for 18-pounder battery positions, firing just in front of the company.

It was now nearly midnight, but John Bullock had no sense of time or space. He floundered in chaos, uncaring if he were hit; but he flinched as the shells burst nearer. His mind seemed to work apart from his body, very small and far away, but quick and alert. They went on slowly past the field gun batteries. The long bright shafts of whitish light smacked the air, the shells screamed away just over their helmets. Each narrow light-blast was like concentrated moonlight. Surely the Germans would see them. His mind flung about in panic. Stop firing, for Christ’s sake. Blinding light, paa-aa-ang of shell screaming away eastwards.

The mud pulled at the top of his skull, hurting and wrenching it. How much farther? Stiffies lying everywhere. Aoough, sickening stench. Chuck away the duck-board, heart slogging in ears, sick, red-blackness over eyes. John Bullock dropped the duck-board, and sat down, his chin resting on box-respirator. Couldn’t go any further. After a rest he stood up, and having vainly tugged at the trench-board, drew his feet, clotted and heavy with suction at each slow step, along with the unspeaking others, as in a dream wherein terrible bright-bright-bright-brightness screeched itself into sudden smothering darkness.

By one o’clock John Bullock and the dim-realized others were half-a-mile nearer the flares. Bullets fired from the German front lines tore the damp dark air around them, passing behind them. Flat reports of the rifles in front, the flat and mournful shearing of the bullets. Some whizzed, and made piping noises, crying in their downward spinning flight before the short plap into the mud. The deep and dreadful night, the vast negation of darkness, in hopeless travail with the dead-weight of human and animal misery, was scored by the white streaks rising in, a semi-circle before their lurching eyes.

Burdened men, charred and splintered tree-stumps, overturned guns and limbers, leaning angle-iron pickets and thin scrawling wire tangles, were wavery with shadows homeless in the diffused pallor of everlasting flares. High explosive shells falling in salvoes on the old German trench which the company was taking over. His life was dilated by every ruddy crash. The darkness pitched about. Somewhere an officer’s voice cursing in high overwrought screams, mingling with the cries of men and the crack-crack-crack-crack of machine-gun fire, through the flares’ greenish-powdery light. Sorry, sir, gasped John Bullock. Why the hell don’t you look where you’re going? cried a voice.

Silent, sodden figures shoved past him. Rain swished down before the relief was completed, glittering aslant with every white flash of the field guns. They were in the reserve line, with the battalion headquarters. Twenty minutes afterwards he was thinking that the dug-out was a bit of all right. Getting down had been a job. Blimey, what a stink at the wood-framed entrance, leading down so black and steep, very narrow. Wooden steps slippery with mud. Equipment and rifle caught and held and tripped him. Oh, hell. Anyhow, out of the mud.

Below, narrow passages led left and right. His section went left, into a cube of space hardly undarkened by the flung-about little flame of a guttering candle. Tiers of bunks of wooden frames and rabbit-wire mattresses went up to the ceiling on three sides. Ceiling and walls and floor were lined with tongued-and-grooved-pine boards. The air of the dug-out stank old and thick, sweaty, like a sour dish-cloth. “All Huns smell the same,” said the sergeant; “you’re, bloody lucky not to be in shell-holes tonight.”

Sleep in equipment. Damn fine on the bunks: to lie back hands under head and have a whiff at a Red Huzzar ration fag. Bon for the troops. They inhaled the sharp smoke, and sighed, content with nothingness in their minds. Later, when the smoke of the officer’s stove in the next room made the eyes smart and breathing impossible, those in the top bunks began to grouse. At last John Bullock got out and rolled himself in the damp blanket. Christ, what an awful stink on the floor. Rats scrambled and thumped inside the boarding. One ran over the floor dragging its scaly, pimply tail across his neck. Crrr! You big, lousy bastard! Another.

He climbed back into the bunk: it was cold on the floor. He slept, and was awakened by the corporal pulling his hand so violently that he nearly fell off the wooden frame. Come on, rouse up, where the hell d’you think you are, in the– Ritz? Up the sodding steps into the cold misty air of the flashing sky, over the sodding parapet with screw pickets. C.O. and Adjutant had got the bloody wind up afraid of being scuppered by a bombing raid, the corporal said. Fixing screw-pickets out in front, and untwisting and coiling the barbed wire among them, while crack-crack-crack and pss pss pss pss pss bullets went past in the flares’ unreal greenish light.

Hourless hours of digging and clearing sump-holes in the trench and fixing piles to rest the trench boards on. All back half-an-hour before dawn, standing-to in the trench, stamping feet in the squelch, blowing through mitten’d hands. All wore woolen balaclava helmets over ears and under chins, tin-hat chin strap shortened across back of head. Toeless socks and puttee lengths taken off, bolts; right upper pouches unclipped. Shells passed over, in the height of the sky, mostly from our guns.

The bluish ghastly chill light of dawn slowly mortified the darkness. Jerry’s machine-guns went traversing just over the parapet, snipers’ bullets went thud into the bags, spluttering dirt about. The C.S.M. came along with the rum. Jokes began to be heard about the trench. Captain’s orders—No one to fire from the trench, or show himself, or dig. The sun brought some cheer.

Breakfast was two biscuits and half a tin of bully. No water. Ration party lost. Shells came over; they crouched and cringed for half-an-hour. Phosgene gas lying about made cigarettes taste like rotten eggs. No latrines. They squatted over bully beef tins, and flung them, when used, over the back of the trench. The day was weariness, grey clouds and rain in the afternoon. They waited for the darkness: unspeaking under waterproof capes. Twilight and the first flares and the sudden screaming gust of traversing machine guns. The wind rushed in the darkness, flinging the rain in squalls.

John Bullock was in the ration, fatigue party of an officer, a sergeant and thirty other men. He was glad to be moving. He was wet and cold from neck to knees; no feeling in feet. Soon he was warm. All the night was before them for the job. Every brilliant white blast from the field-guns blanched and froze the gleaming and linked watery shell-holes.

Every blast must surely show them up for miles. Paa-aang, Paa-aang. Paa-aang. Paa-ang. Paa—ang. Paa-ang. The shocks of whitest light staggered him, rotted with mud after every sucking step. The officer fell into a shell-hole. The battery fired thirty shells while they were trying to pull him out, and two others who sunk as he rose up. They crawled out, big and ragged with stinking mud, beyond swearing. John Bullock tried to scrape the mud off the officer with the rim of his tin hat.

They glided on afterwards, their boots almost pulled off at every step, although they were trying to walk in boot-holes already made. Paa-aang—wiffwiffwiffwiff of shell rising eastwards in the utterly black after-blast. He began to enjoy the light-blasting feeling. He imagined a girl smiling in the darkness: the secret stealing away to some quiet deserted dug-out. He allowed others to pass him, to be alone with the light-blasts giving him the soft glances for his desire. Slurring downward corkscrews of sound, flooerflooerflooer-plop, flooerflooerflooer-plop, flooer-flooerflooer-plop, flooer-pop, flooer-pop, flooer-pop.

The white luring of the celestial-satanic female merging into his body fled away in the fear of green-cross gas shells, searching for the 18-pounder batteries. He adjusted his box-respirator, and floundered on, his face and sight sweating and misty. The rain squalls lashed him. He tore off his mask. He and his chum Ginger had the job of carrying back a canteen of hot soup, fixed to the poles of a stretcher. When they arrived back at battalion headquarters the soup was a-slop with cracked cakes of grease, but it was warm. During the hour-and-a-half journey from the transport cookers John Bullock had been thinking of a drink of soup when they got back; but as soon as they arrived the sergeant-major ordered them to follow “A” Company ration party to the front line. The quarter-mile journey took more than an hour, for the communication trenches were knee-deep in water and sludge. The soup tasted of bacon fat and coal-smoke; but it was wet. Many stiffles were lying out in front, both Jocks and Jerries. Some of the boys went scrounging. No good, though, for every haversack had been pulled open, every pocket had been slit up, and every finger-ring cut off.

The front line had been heavily shelled by their own guns that mornings and seven men had been knocked out, two killed. Bleedun fine staff work, I don’t think. Five of the seven had got back to the aid post: lucky sods, they were out’ of it. Any rumours about the Kayser asking for peace? What about the Russian steamroller?———the Russian steamroller. You couldn’t, old son, for the———silly thing was always going the wrong way. The next night John Bullock’s company went up to the front line, walking over the top beside the flooded communication trench. Jerry was two hundred yards away, but very quiet; except for fixed rifles firing by dug-out doors and down communication trenches. And snipers. Drubadruba-drub went the guns down south. Playing up hell down there, where the Froggies were next to the English.

The sky bubbled with clouded light. The old German trench where John Bullock’s company stood was in fairly good condition. The sides were revetted with timber and expanded metal. It glitter-quaked in the flashes with mud and water to the knees. They walked and stood about in the long grass between the craters behind. Time was suspended, the night endlessly unreal. Only the thought of others being there the same as he was made John Bullock not think of what was happening.

One poor sod had tied the end of his pull-through cord to the trigger of his rifle and then to his boot, and put the muzzle against the roof of his mouth, and blown the top of his head off. He’d been out two years, they said. If you didn’t kill yourself properly they got you well in hospital and then court-martialled you, and you were shot tied to a post. S.I.W.—Self-Inflicted Wounds. People at home never knew how you were done for when you were in France. Endlessly unreal the night. Fingers so numb that they could not find buttons or brace tags. To bend legs was to feel them grown into a tree trunk, vast without feeling.

While John Bullock was painfully fumbling at the sodden leather of the brace-tags he saw a low, weak flash over Jerry’s lines, and heard a small, dull report. Sentry crying Minnie up! John Bullock saw a red spark in the sky over no man’s land. It seemed to come down very slowly. Splap! it hit the mud on the right about forty yards away. He could see the sparks. It fizzed like a cracker. GET DOWN. He flung himself fiat. RED ROA-AAR. Afterwards he slid down into the trench. His trousers were sagging, and he tried to fasten the buttons with mud-clotted hands. Minnie up left! Another red spark wiggling overhead. GET DOWN. Splap! Pause. RED RAAAAR. Every minute for twenty minutes the oil-drums hummed over.

The officer ordered them to lie down twenty yards behind the trench in shell-holes. Rain lashed down again. The minnies stopped. Flashes behind, shells screaming over just above their heads, and bursting along the German front line. One gun kept firing short, the shells falling in their own line. Heavy stuff began to go over. Stuff to give the bastards. Soon above the German trenches the white shrapnel smoke was almost continuous in the quick-rising flares. A red line streaking up, a cluster of green stars falling away; another rocket going up, and white stars; a third broke green.

Now we’re for it; thought John Bullock, pushing his legs down in the water of the shell-hole, and tilting his helmet over the side of his head as he pressed his ear into the space of his elbow crook. The awful downward buzzing of German shells began to come, falling behind along the support line. CRASH CRASH CRASH CRASH, each enormously awful, making him all thin and hollow, only a heart knocking in a painful throat. He felt himself becoming liquid and dead in the mud. This feeling went from him when he saw he was between the two barrages. Flares were swishing up many at a time.

The officer came slipping along, crying, Stand to! Stand to! They may be going to raid! The hollow feeling came back as he thought of bayonets, of the scream he would give as the long, thin steel broke into his belly. Ah well, I don’t give a sod what happens. I’ll keep a shot until the very last and shoot as he points. He pulled the sock from the bolt, and slipped it over the butt, pushing it under his right shoulder strap. The bolt worked hard with mud. Flip, one cartridge wasted. He pushed it home, and waited. Two red rockets rose together from battalion headquarters behind. Our S.O.S.

The sky behind became a jagged sheet of continuous flashing: the shells roared over and crashed like the furnace of a gigantic train reflected on its smoke. The sergeant came along, shouting something, and waving his rifle. He looked pissed, as though he’d been half-inching the rum. Don’t fire until the officer fires the Verey light signal, he bawled. A machine gun began firing on the right. Rifle fire crackled along the front. A mort-blast of bullets began to sweep over the German lines. He heard shouting, and saw the red spurts of rifles. He began firing, as fast as he could, trembling and cursing as he knelt up to pull another clip from his pouch. He fired until his bolt jammed, and then lay still, waiting. What did it all mean? The Boche raid had failed; there were cries out in front, and our Lewis guns firing bursts to cop the rescuers.

Some time later John Bullock was trying to fill sandbags with mud, heaving them up on the parapet, squelching shapeless bags oozing and dripping, falling down and splashing. O CHRIST ALMIGHTY his mind flared and shrieked, after the hours of dredging with aching back and arms and neck and banging level with hardly-able-to-be-lifted shovel. The gangrenous light of dawn began to spread over the German lines; they dragged themselves away to the stand-to. The rations, including the rum, had gone in the bombardment. They stood about in the trench, thinking of nothing, half asleep, leaning up against the parapet, or trying to wash their rifles in the water. John Bullock saw the High Street, the hawkers’ barrows, the shops, the picture palace lights, the tramcars—there was a clang like a tramcar bell, a splash, and Ginger, who had been looking out over no man’s land, slid down into the water.

John Bullock and the corporal pulled his head out, and held him up. Blood ran down from a hole in his right temple. The back of his head was open like an egg, hairy with thick blood and broken-sploshed grey brains. He snored and gurgled and twitched. Blood trickled from his ears and mouth; he kicked, blew blood bubbles from his nostrils. They heaved him up over the parados when dead. That night the stretchers took the body back with nine others, to battalion headquarters, where a fatigue party, including John Bullock, buried them all in a 5.9 shell-hole after a short  burial service by  “Cheero Boys”  the padre.

Cheero Boys went up the line to speak to the boys, after managing to scrounge a double whack of soup for the burial party. The following night they went back into rest billets—on the road where more loose granite had been tipped. They walked as though broken glass were in their boots, to a waste ground of shell-holes near Pozieres, the only shelter being ground-sheets laced together over bits of wood found in the ruin which had been picked over by tens of thousands of scrounging hands. The 6o-pounder battery, firing in the ruins, put out their bivvy candle-flames with every white overhead blast.

They slept soundly. It rained, and rained, and rained. The division remained on the Somme until the great frosts of the New Year; and when the soldiers began to dread the effect of shells bursting on contact with the icy ground, the German artillery suddenly pulled out, and went north, some said to Arras, where a Big Push was being planned. The cry was no longer Roll on, Duration. The first seven years will be the worst, they said to each other, avoiding, in the semblance of jest, the reality on which their minds refused to dwell.

FOURTH PHASE

In the rainy autumn of 1917 John Bullock remembered the cushy days on the Somme with regret. He was dreading the imminent attack which the battalion was practicing on dummy trenches, in gas-masks, amidst smoke. The battalion was supposed to be resting: arms drill,bayonet fighting ,box-respirator drill, physical jerks, saluting drill, bombing parades, etc., etc. And every other afternoon fatigue parties left in lorries which dumped them in Ypres, through whose crumped heaps of grass-grown bricks and mortar they marched to the forward dumps along roads swilling with mud and bordered with jagged tree-stumps and broken limbers. Very soon the road disappeared with the tree-stumps.

Baulks of teak and beech, tipping and splashing under their feet, continued the road. Rifles, dead horses and mules with liquid pinkish matter running out of the gashes in their skins, wagons, stretchers, telephone wire, shells and bombs and shreds of water-proof capes and helmets, were piled high beside the track. There were no trenches and no shell-holes; all had been shifted and re-shifted by the shell-blasts, until all were decayed and roughly leveled in the water which gleamed with the sunless sky. On the Somme most of the dead had been buried; here they were spreading into the ground where they had fallen, each with several holes around its cloth-rotten spreading place, where the rats had tunneled.

Many tanks lay on flat and brown misty water-waste, half and three-quarter sunken away. Tanks rent and shattered, the bodies of their crews swelled, with green faces, old gashes and breaks dripping black. Duckboard paths led out from the infirm and wandering baulk tracks, which were underfire all day and all night, because they were heaving somewhere with feet and hoofs and wheels all day and all night. At night they were thick as ribbed serpents' corpses in the slime, congested with wheeled and footed maggots. Long strings of mules and horses, each led by a driver, with shells in wicker panniers. Carrying and working parties. Troops going in and coming out. Stretcher-bearers of German deserters and prisoners carrying wounded.

John Bullock took no heed of the dead men, nor of the wounded on the stretchers. He was just kept going by one hope: the hope of getting a wound which would put him out of the war. After nine weeks on the Somme his feet had swollen and gone red, and he had got down to the base with them. The court of enquiry had held him blameless, for he had been clever enough to tell the truth, and the infantry officers on light duty at the base comprising the court would not have got a man a Field General Court Martial if they could wangle out of it. He had lost the little toes of each foot, but this had not been enough to get him a B or a C category. He had returned to another battalion of his regiment in a draft of three hundred and ninety-two other men, just after an attack on the Hindenburg Line on the left of Bullecourt in May, 1917, when the survivors before the uncut wire had crawled back at night, leaving six hundred dead and wounded but of the seven hundred who had gone up the night before.

The next big show had been against Whitesheet Hill on, 6th June, when the mines had gone up, and Messines been taken. Only two hundred casualties; most of them gassed when going in on Y/Z night. John Bullock had remained behind with thirty other men of the company and an officer, as a reserve. He was terrified of the idea of going over the top. Every time the brutal droning of shells increased into the deep, savage, sudden buzzing which told they were going to burst near, he crouched and sweated and cringed. He had spent a month at Etaples with trench fever, which some said was caused by the bite of lice: these chaps said they hadn’t loused themselves, hoping to get the fever. His half-sleeping was sharp and jagged with fearful dreams; he chewed cordite, as recommended by an old sweat swinging the lead in the ward, got from a cartridge when the bullet had been worked out. It gave him a headache, but would it increase his temperature? Fear of being rumbled had made him chuck his little store into the latrine.

Then had come the mutiny at the Old Tipperary Camp, the boys being fed-up with all the bloody slaughter going on up in the salient, battalions going in seven hundred strong and coming out seventy after a few hours, and being made up to strength and going in again, and nothing doing except a fresh layer of stiffs and wounded on top of the others. The mutiny had begun with the organized defiance of orders at the Bull Ring; the streaming back of thousands of men singing and cheering; the shooting of the sergeant of the Gordon Highlanders by an N.C.O. of the Military Field Police, a bloody great hulking swine of an ex-champion heavy-weight boxer dodging the column at the base, who used to twist the arms and legs of the insubordinate Australian soldiers doing Field Punishment No. I. He ran like hell, and hid in the R.T.O's office.

John Bullock had seen the A.P.M., who was said to have been a North West Mounted Policeman in Canada before the War, rolled in the road. The General had tried to address them—“Are you Englishmen, or are you blackguards?” —and had been told to put a sock in it. “See here, general, you’ve been doing all the talking so far, and now it’s the turn of the Poor Bloody Private Soldier.” Then the hunt of the red-caps through Etapps; the looting of the estaminets; the Australians sent down from the line to stop the mutiny of more than 100,000 men; the Aussies joining in.

“War’s over, Jerry’s fed up, so are we. Jerry didn’t want the war, nor did we. It’s only the bloody profiteers who want it to go on. They are the enemies of the masses.” Some said that junior officers had been disguised as private soldiers in order to get into the estaminets and spot the organizers of the mutiny; after them had come the break-up patrols armed with entrenching tool handles, laying out the leaders when found. A posh battalion of territorials from G.H.Q.; machine guns on the bridge over the river; no food; the end of the wild hopes of going home and seeing wives and kids and mothers and girls again.

Dozens of poor sods handcuffed wrist to wrist, two by two, outside the Commandant’s office, awaiting court martial and the firing squad. That was the end of that! And the War went on as usual, and the Bloody Butcher sending in the division again and again and getting them———d up to hell. Thus our hero’s thoughts as he carried what, many times during the many times he rested beside it on the duckboard track, he swore at as a sodding great lump, of firewood. The bloke following him was fed-up too: he shouted out as he let his load slide off- his shoulders,  “Let the bleedun brass hats come and carry their ——— matchsticks!”

They both crouched up as shrapnel clanged over a solitary snapped tree in the morass. John Bullock’s dumb mental agony sweated itself away. He lumbered on, reached the dump, and hurried  back after the others to the dump beyond Bridge No. 4. Wipers, with the sun on it, looked like the long white jaw-bone of a mule, with its teeth chipped and splintered, its jaw-bone cracked and shot away.

It was dark when the exhausted fatigue party reached the camp in the area of oak woods near Poperinghe. The curved elephant iron roof sides of the Nissen huts built close together were rusting through the faded camouflage paint-splotches. Forty men and a sergeant slept in each hut.

Sand-bags covered the windows beside the door, shutting in the draughty candle-gleams. Muffled bangs in the distance; wop, wop, wop, the soft noises of archie shells high up in the sky. Oh Gawd, more bloody eggs! The bombing raids were made every night on the camps. Those not asleep lay still and listened for the throbbing hum of the big bombing planes. One man, an elderly Scotsman named Wishart, a stretcher-bearer, solemnly sat up on his bed of boards and put on his tin-hat, and knelt up and prayed his usual silent prayer. Then he lay down with hat tilted over his nose, ignoring the usual jokes. He was the father of seven children. They called him Daddy Washout. He was forty-six years old, very earnest, very anxious to do everything properly, and made, a jerky mess of everything, fixing his bayonet, piling arms, rolling his puttees, etc. They’re coming over! cried a young soldier excitedly, not long out from home.

“Oh, go and shit,” called out a man who had been a young soldier a year before. Put a sock in it! said the sergeant, and they listened to the spinning hiss of a falling bomb. It womped into the next camp, they judged. “If ‘tis the Lord’s will, we’ll be struck, not else, boys” said Daddy Washout; Replies of Heem numbah Nanety nane, Amen. There will be no collection. You can’t put the——wind up us, mate, etc., interrupted by a loud swishing noise swelling into a whining shriek, the figures of soldiers in pants and shirts leaping out of bed. FLASH. They, were all mixed up together and crying out. Flash—flash —WOMP—WOMP—other cries from the middle of the camp.

Three in the hut were killed. They had to scrape one off the curved iron hut wall with an entrenching tool. They stood round in silence in the acrid chilly night air, watching the small weak spots of an electric torch light, while the bits were taken away on stretchers. One wounded chap with his arms blown off, the stumps charred with permanganate of potash, chucked on in handfuls by the R.A.M.C. orderlies to make the stumps like leather. It was different from seeing a chap cop it up the line. John Bullock’s mind was relaxed when out at rest; death entered with thoughts that it might have been him. The mind closed again, turned away from FEAR. Bombs and more bombs, two and three raids a night. The place was lousy with troops.

They toiled at sandbag filling, laying them header-and-stretcher deep four feet up the sides of the huts. The Brigade working and carrying parties up the line took between ten and fourteen hours from leaving to returning. The only thing they lived for now was (1) a Blighty one; (2) the hours spent in the estaminets; (3) sometimes a bit of dick.

And one morning as he was filling sandbags, listening to Nobby Clark telling about a red-lamp house, John Bullock thought he would do it too, before he was bloody well snuffed out. He had often heard the boys talking about having a bit of dick in the red lamps, and had been slightly repelled and disgusted with the idea. Terrible to go with anyone like that. He had seen queues of the chaps waiting outside, as though it were for the pit or gallery of a theatre; the M.P's keeping near to see they didn’t start rough-housing.

John Bullock used to think that he would never lower himself to go with anyone he didn't really love. Now with an inner thrill of exultation he said to himself that he didn’t care what happened. His fears left him as he decided to see what it was like—the haunting fears of himself lying half in a shell-hole with neck and hands and body swelled dirty greeny-grey and face like an old loaf sodden in mud. What was the song old Crimp, the post corporal, used to sing, old Crimp who’d been out since Mons:

We don’t give a damn for Will-i-am,

We know the Crown Prince is barmy;

We don’t give a-for old Von Kluck

And all his bleeding old army!

Stuff to give ‘em. He would go to Pop the next day, and he’d paint the place red. John Bullock imagined that he had been drunk many times before; he thought himself, privately, to be a lad when he had three-quarters of a bottle of vin rouge inside him, with a couple of beers, a cognac, a few café rums, mixed up with greasy chips fried in horse and mule fat, telling everyone how bloody tight he was, and laughing and singing, or rather shouting until the inevitable spewing after closing time. Eat, drink, and be merry—all on a bob a day—for tomorrow—tomorrow he’d paint the town red. Nobby Clark said he’d go with him and show him the ropes. Nobby said he knew a nice little place just off the Grand Place, where there were some proper little pushers. Pretty, grinned John Bullock. Artists at the game, Nosey my boy, Nobby assured him.

That evening in the Divisional Follies he watched one of the men dressed up as a girl in the show, and thought of the morrow. She would have shy, soft eyes veiled in long lashes: she would fall in love with him: he would make a night of it! He was a lad! If only the chaps in the office could see John Bullock, Esquire, with Nobby Clark, Esquire, on the way to visit a lady! Return to hitting a typewriter, after the War? I don’t think, papa! In, out, on guard! They said the phosphorous shells isolated the pill-boxes so that the machine gunners couldn’t see to fire, dense white smoke choking them through the splayed slits. One to three, the chance of death if you were hit. Well, some good boys had gone where he might go! Who cared a damn what happened? Not John Bullock. They walked out of the camp singing cheerily

I want to go home,

I want to go home,

I don’t want to go to the trenches no more,

Where the guns and whizz-bangs and cannons do roar,

I want do go home,

Where the Alleman can’t get at me,

O my, I don’t want to die,

I want to go home.

They ate eggs and chips in a wayside hut made of bits of wood and iron assembled at odd times by a peasant whose home used to be in Gheluvelt. Nosey and Nobby shared a bottle of plinketty plonk, as vin blanc was called. The wife was old and bulky with soiled black clothes. Bully bif no bon, non, she said, shaking her head. She had a store of blue tins, enough to last her life out, and the life of her husband: she said bully bif no bon to all soldiers before serving, meaning they must pay 1 fc. 50 each in cash.

A little child came into the hut, and she drove it out with what she called a martinet, a short-handled, short-lashed whip, a photograph of which John Bullock had recently seen in an English newspaper, as having been found in captured German trenches, evidence of the brutal Hun officer. Anyhow, all the papers are liars, said Nobby to Nosey. Afterwards they had a few drinks in a buvette, and set out for the knocking shop.

Outside the estaminet in the rue d’Hôpital John Bullock was overcome with apprehension; and, saying that he had the squitters, and would come back, he left Nobby and walked rapidly away. Alone, he had some more drinks in The Parrot, a boozer called after the grey and red patriotic bird in the room, who could swear in English, and who, when a glass was held near his beak, with the words ” Here’s to the Kayser,” replied in its glass-cutting voice, “———the Kayser.”’ Feeling the life surge in him, John Bullock said to himself: You’re getting tight, you know, Nosey, my boy.

He went out into the street to, look for a bit of skirt. He saw one across the square, and whacked his swagger cane, which he had just bought for a franc, against his puttee’d leg. Whistled. A motor car with a pennant on its bonnet passed him, with three brass hats in it, one of them an old toff with a round head and a great white moustache, whom he recognized as the Butcher. John Bullock sprang to attention, and gave the Guardee waggle behind the right ear; the Butcher barely acknowledged it with a wave of his finger as the car rushed past driven by a superior private soldier in a hat, almost an officer’s hat, and a tunic almost an officer’s tunic. Well, well, some gets the fat, and some gets the lean, as the bloke in the Follies used to recite in Mending the ’ole in the Road. John Bullock unstiffened, and crossed the road. He went back to the knocking shop, and after a brief hesitation before the double doors, entered by a side door.

Chaps playing crown-and-anchor in a corner. Others sitting at tables, hats on backs of heads, smoking and laughing, glasses before them. They ignored his entry. An interior door opened and a broad, almost harsh, woman’s voice shouted out a word that he couldn’t catch, A man jumped up, grabbed his hat, and went out of the door, leaving them grinning at each other. Then the pontoon players picked up more cards, and the group round the crown-and-anchor board went on placing their money on the crown-and-anchor board. This was a worn folding square of cloth marked with six sections, corresponding to Heart, Crown, Diamond, Spade, Anchor and Club; called, heart, Major (sergeant-major), Dinkie, Curse, Mud-hook and Shamrock. “Lay your money single and pick up double. You lay and we pay, the good old Sweaty Sox, out since Mons, often bent but never broke, the rough and tough, the old and bold. If you don’t speculate you can’t accumulate. Come along, gentlemen, you are not on parade. Who fancies the lucky old Major? Copper, silver and gold. You come in rags and ride away in motor-cars. Back your judgment, gentlemen. The Mud-hook, the Curse, the Heart, the Major. Now then, up she comes!”

A pile of torn and dirty paper notes and silver lay within the crook of the banker’s left arm on the table. As it grew it was crammed into his pockets. He was an A.S.C. driver, rumoured to be worth a hundred thousand francs. One after another a man got up from a chair or left the crowd around the board, pinched out his fag and stuck it behind his ear, and went out of the door after the deep “Next” of madame. She served the drinks, grumbling at the tattered, dirty notes offered her. The only dirt she recognized was on paper money.

John Bullock was the eighteenth. He had entered the place at 16 hours; his turn came just before 17 hours 30 minutes. That old woman led him upstairs. She wore a leather pouch like a tram driver. It jingled with money. Beyond the open door he saw a fattish half-undressed woman. He could not look at her, after the first glance. She had thick ankles and legs in coarse black stockings. The room smelt musty. He wished he hadn’t come. “Fife!” said Madame in her fat double-chinned voice.

“Fife,” holding up five fingers. He gave her a note.” Champagne,” he said recklessly, and gave her three five-franc notes. She smiled, “Now spik to Susanne. She spik English. Quite clean girl. She make you much happiness.’’ Suzanne dangled a hand towards him. He went forward. The door was shut. She looked up and smiled. He tried to overcome his reluctance, increased by the sight of spittle on the floor. “Don’t be shy, old soldier,” she said. “Non,” he said, and waited. “Poor, bloody Tommee,” she smiled sidelong at him. “This, bloody war no bloody good, eh?” He began to feel better and dared to stroke her head. She caught his hand and put one of his fingers in her mouth, then pulled him down on the couch beside her, and began to mess him about.

Then the booze came. He swallowed a couple of glasses, and convinced himself, supporting her heavy bulk on his knees, that he was beginning to feel as he should have felt. He grew rough as he overcame his unmanly shame, and she swiped him across the ear, and cursed him in a hard, deadly voice, mixing English and Flemish words and phrases, from which he flinched as from a machine gun burst in no man’s land at night. She told him to ——off out of here, the——smeerlop, the dirty, Ingleesh stoomer-kloit, etc. Then, seeing his eyes, she twined her arms round his neck and fastened her mouth hard against his mouth and pulled him down on the couch.

His mind and senses could not fuse into oneness and abandon. Trying to ward off his reluctance he strove to feel as he imagined he ought to feel, lest she become impatient and despise him as an ungrown-up weakling. Only when, in desperation at the raps of the old woman on the door, he thought himself into the physical likeness of Nobby Clark, did he get rid of himself and achieve some sort of freedom. Afterwards he put on his coat and belt and cap and went out without a word, unable to look at her. He slipped out of the estaminet, a part of England that has sought, in vain, to find its inner sun: He went back to the estaminet where he had had a few drinks before. Drubadrubadrubadrub. More slaughter up there in the mud. Poor sods. His turn soon. What did anything matter? You had to die sometime. Old Ginger was gone, and all his old pals. Well, what odds if he went where Ginger was, and all the boys.

He had some more wine in The Parrot and thought of the old days before the UTTERLY GONE FOR EVER. His mind refused. He gulped more wine. Why was it happening, everyone wanted it to stop, the Frogs and the Jerries, and all the boys, so why did it go on? There was no God, or He wouldn’t have … Pretending to be asleep, he hid his head in his arms to hide his tears, and fell asleep, from which he awakened with a mouth feeling like the bottom of the parrot’s cage in the corner of the room. Madame, ong otre bottle de vang rooshe! Merci, m’sieu.

He stayed there until chucking out time at nine pip emma, all his money gone, one of a little band of drunks and semi-drunks who thought it was the finest evening of their lives, and sang Jolly Old Pals, and Wipe the Tear Baby Dear from your Eye-ee until the inhuman Military Police, revolver hoister’d and red-capped, came in, and they scattered.

He reached camp after the early morning parade having shot his bundle—Salient slang for vomiting an excess of drink-r-in several installments on the way to International Corner. He was very unsteady on his legs, and the regimental police took him into the guard tent. In spite of his protests his puttees and boots and belt were taken off and his hands were tied behind him to the base of the tent pole. An official act of kindness; a drunken man might fight, and so aggravate his crime.

Next morning he went before his company officer, and was remanded for the Commanding Officer’s orderly room. Outside the C.O's room the stones were spotlessly whitewashed. At last his turn came. Sergeant-Major shouting: Cap off! Another, official benevolence: lest it be thrown at the C.O. in anger, a court-martial offence. Accused and escort, Tsh’n! Right turn! Quick march! Right wheel! Left wheel! ‘Alt! Right turn! Terrific heel click and salute. 19023, Private J. Bullock charged with first, Being drunk on Active Service; second, Being absent off parade.

The evidence was given. What had he to say? Very sorry, sir. Won’t do it again, sir. A very serious crime, to be drunk, on active service, and missing a parade. Supposing the battalion had gone up into the line? John Bullock stood very still before the C.O., sick and head-aching, brooding subconsciously on the chance of a dose. He tried to forecast from the words what sort of punishment he would get. The Adjutant placed the rustling crime-sheet before the CO. The soldier looked at the officer, at his clean tunic and row of ribbons, at his highly-polished brown boots and spurs under the blanket-covered trestle table; he felt that life was dark and hopeless. During the instant that the Colonel glanced at the crime-sheet he saw the War as something he had never truly thought of before: something that kept millions of men like himself in slavery.

If you dared to say it was slavery and ought to be stopped, you would get handcuffed like those chaps down at Etaples. “Fourteen days’ field punishment No. I,” said the C.O. Prisoner and escort, right turn! Quick march! Right wheel! Halt! Left turn! Cap on! Right turn! Quick march! To the guard tent. Thenceforward John Bullock went with every carrying and working party up the line; but when the others were sleeping exhaustedly, he was doing pack drill on the square; emptying the latrine buckets, shifting a heap of heavy stones from one part of the parade ground to another, and then back again to the same place, and back again to the other place, walking on a path of his own mud; afterwards he was tied to the guard-tent pole with his arms above his head.

The armed sentry who accompanied him everywhere, even to the latrine, changed every twenty-four hours, but every one, after a period of silence, spoke to him like a pal. One gave him a fag. John Bullock wished he hadn’t. At last he had realized the War. He wouldn’t come back from the attack. Roll on, the attack! The battalion paraded for an inspection by many generals, led by the short, stocky figure nicknamed, humorously, The Butcher.

Again they marched out to the dummy trenches, and with horsemen to represent the creeping barrage, and cyclists to represent tanks, they made the attack; walking forward, in gas masks at the rate of a hundred yards every three minutes. They perfectly stormed a pillbox, surrounding it with rifle grenades of one section, while the Lewis gunners gave covering fire from the flank to the bayonet men. and the phosphorous bombers. The afternoon before going up to the attack was spent in lying easy, writing letters home, and sleeping.

John Bullock was still under armed-guard. At five o’clock he paraded in battle order with his company. They drew two bombs each, and three bandoliers of rifle ammunition. Each man’s helmet was already covered with sandbag-cloth. The divisional colours were already painted on the side, and sewn on the arms of their tunics just under the brass shoulder-strap numerals. The company officers were dressed exactly like the men, and they carried rifles. The regimental chaplain regarded them with a cheerful smile hiding his sadness as they marched away to the long convoy of grey motor-buses drawn up along the Poperinghe road.

He was going later with the medical officer to the battalion aid post, whence he would wander off to seek the wounded lying out, to comfort them, if he could, with his words. He was one of those rare men who carried the real War on their shoulders. He. knew he could not say what he thought, so he did all he could to help the men, whom he understood, with his personal sympathy. And he went where they went.  After the War it will be different, he used to think: out of this great agony will survive a new spirit … The soldiers liked him, and called him “Cheero Boys.” One behind the other, the grey—once London red—motor buses, their windows boarded up, took the battalion through the pave of Poperinghe, swinging to the left through the long, straight street of houses, and through the avenue of trees whose leaves a wild evening wind was strewing over the sodden fields.

On through Brandhoek with its light-chinks in the crocked cottages, through Vlamertirighe, with the holes in its tumbling church-tower, and messed-up brick-and-rafter heaps on either side. The bigger guns were flashing and banging, but it was quiet up in the Salient, where the white flares were endlessly rising up and floating down. John Bullock crouched, rifle between knees, on the top of a bus, trying to prevent himself thinking about not being himself that time tomorrow. The other soldiers were quiet, too, each one withdrawn into himself. They were passing Goldfish Chateau, where a lot of white-and-blue-banded dispatch riders were standing about. Over the railway lines and along the last bit of straight into Wipers.

A double flash, the succeeding womp, womp. Nobby Clark made a joke out of his nervousness; they all felt very exposed on the top of the bus. Over lock N. 10— didn’t they all know that stinking hole—and on, up past the high dark ruins of the prison, round the comer of the empty shell-holed prison yard, and the Cook’s Tour was over. “Oh, oh, oh, it’s a lovely war,” sang Nobby. “Come on, boys; it’s going to be a walk-over!” John Bullock felt easier, he liked Mr. Maddison, his platoon officer, always a cheery,word for them, a proper toff. He felt better still as soon as they were marching along through the ruins lit up by the flash of howitzers. Once, when they stopped, he saw candlelight flung about in a cellar below the road level. The gas-blanket was swaying in the wind.

He had a glimpse of a tablecloth, plates; a loaf, a whiskey bottle and mug, a magazine; wildly he imagined himself sitting there in paradise. Perhaps never see home any more, mother’s face, hearing his death. O why, why was the War? Death was darkness, good-bye for ever. FOREVER. He couldn’t go over the top. No, no, Over the top was terrible. DEATH. He couldn’t. Mum and Dad waving from 94, Burntash Road, mother saying prayers, sweet gentle face, O God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost, do not let me die, let him see mother again, and Dad, O God I’ve been wicked, I won’t do it again, God.

Brutal downward droning, the coarse, fat, buzzing roar of shells, down, DOWN. Three ruddy glares linked in one, seen bright through shut eyes and clenched teeth; the light blasted through him. Whizz, Wang, Zip. Crack. Jagged splinters. “Come on, old soldiers, get a move on, lead on there!” cried Mr. Maddison. The scattering, loose file moved together again and led on, through the low heaps of grass-grown bricks and over the cross-roads to the St. Julien road. The wind blew in gusts over the dark morass, puckering the watery wastes like a toad’s back. The extra weights—bombs, 150 extra rounds, shovel in haversack on shoulders, extra iron ration—began to ache the shoulders.

They swung left and had the flares before them. Shells passed overhead, scoring the sky, and burst with a heavy, thunderous womp behind them in Ypres. Their paces became closer. They stood in the rain. Shuffled on. Stood about. Shuffled on. Wet and shivering. Stamped their squelching boots. They scarcely heeded the faint cries coming out of the roadside transport wreckage. Rain lashed across the black nihilism of the old battle wastes, the wind wailed through the wreckage of tilted and sky-gaping tanks, the wind slashed the corners of their ground-sheet capes across their cheeks, wrinkling the water, and blew some sitting into the mud. He could see the man in front of him as a hump of slow black.

Soon the ruined roadway ended in the morass. The timber baulks quaked and splashed and sank away under the tread. He fell over old and new bodies of mules and men. He clawed himself round the almost continuous scatter of limbers and mules and gurgling wounded, all rough-cast with greyish mud. A shadow moved by one limber, lurching out from the wheel over which it had been sagging, a shadow mowing and gibbering at John Bullock as he pushed himself past, it fell against him, hurting him in the ribs with the splintered bone of its upper arm. It was hatless, jawless, headed like a lizard of mud. He pushed it away from him with an oath, and floundered on.

Help, help, the water was over his head. He turned over in frantic choking darkness. He got his head up, choking in screams of terror of being drowned. A rifle was held out. He gripped the butt, and hauled himself against the suck of the shell-hole. I’ve I-I-lost me rifle, sir, he told the officer, hoping that he would be sent back. “Take the next wounded man’s rifle.” The officer gave John Bullock a gulp of his water-bottle which made him choke. Rum. “Stuff to give ’em, sir.”For Christ’s sake get a move on, it’s two o’clock already and we’ll miss the blasted barrage.” “Right you ate, Sir.” Lead on forever, left foot, right foot, blow wind, fire-spouting mud, wade on forever. He shouted to a couple of dead drivers by their smashed limber, lit up in the smoky red glare of an 8-inch bastard. Pull out the left foot, ankle sharp pain, flop, now the right leg, up she comes. Zzzzzzzuzz—CRASH: Down, and up again.” Hullo, chum, what’s up, copped it?” Nobby Clark was lying just off the track. “I’m done, Nosey. Go on, boy, good luck.”

John Bullock stood by him, trying to shield him from the lash of the glinting rain. Another brutal whine dropped nearer. Splinters zipped over.” Where’r you hit, Nobby?” “In back” gasped Nobby. “I’m done. Good luck, boy.” Nobby rolled his head. His legs were twisted back under him. His head ceased to roll. Christ, poor old Nobby—. John Bullock rose up and trudged on towards the flares. At four o’clock in the morning the brigadier, with the colonel and adjutant, stood where the Cockroft track crossed the Poelcappelle road, outside a pillbox, brigade battle headquarters.

“Stick it, men,” said the colonel, “you’re nearly there.” The brigadier was thinking bitterly, Battle weather, the tanks won’t be able to get up; bloody, bloody rain, it always fell on Y/Z night, bitching the contract. The colonel shook hands with him, saluted, and went on with his battle adjutant. His battle headquarters were to be near the church; so far, they existed only on the map. He longed to go over with his men, all the way with them; in his fury against Army H.Q. he could have gone on and on until he had no battalion left to be b——d about by a lot of unimaginative brass-hats who had never come nearer the line than the last chateau, and then only after baths had been put into them.

It was ——murder, and the men knew it. The greenish flares hissed up very high and near. Bullets cracked over the files of men as they wrenched their feet towards the hypothetical assembly tape. A steady low buzzing made John Bullock look to the left.

The dark shapes of tanks were seen, one behind the other, moving towards the ruins of the village. He forgot them in the dark, timeless struggle of monstrous aching legs and thumping heart. His blood was heavy, and thick. He was beyond thirst. Salvoes crashed on the left, spouting smoke-red zizz-z-zz zinn-n-nn of splinters. Then a yellow-forked narrow flame rose to a great height along the road, showing the faces of laden men in file lurching forward. Dark figures around the tanks. Hot and sweating, clogged with half-a-hundredweight of mud, John Bullock leaned his hands on his knees and watched the huge flames being blown by the wind.

A tank on fire! That’s caused it! Within a minute high explosive shells were falling in bunches of salvoes. Other forked flames in line, as though the poplars once lining the road were recreated in fire. The flaming poplars rose one behind the other into the light-roar. The rain was dimly realized by the slanting misty splashes on the lurid wastes before him. He watched them trying to turn round, great black toads. One tipped itself off the road and chugged towards them. Petrol shells broke around it like waves on a reef.

A proper bloody shell-trap. It stopped, bellied in a shell-hole. Its tracks raced round and round. On again, the groin-sinews grating as with broken glass, the heart filling the body from belly to throat. Sideway staggering aching heaviness. At last he could lie down and fade away in the ground. The greatest blessing, heedless of the swoop and crash of shells. Nothing mattered. He was all in. Fini. But very soon the cold grew into him from the ground, and he realized where he was, and after a minute’s struggle, and lapses when he lay back and wept, he managed to get on his hands and knees, and, pressing against the unbalanced weights of his body, to press himself upright from his feet.

He gliddered along to the next man, who was sitting in a shell-hole asleep. It was Trengrove. “Hey? Hey?” was all he replied. John Bullock hit him in the face. Trengrove numbed beyond teeth-chattering; his jaw was set. John Bullock wept.

“Get up, Trenny, we’re——lost,” and he fell down beside him, and slept. He awoke to the sergeant shaking him. “Officer!” The officer gave him some rum. The officer spoke thickly and put his hand on John Bullock’s shoulder.

“Who cares a b——r, eh, ol' chap? Have a drink. Stuff t ’giv’m. Hey, don’t drink it all, laddie.” John Bullock realized the officer wasn’t tight, only pretending. “Thank you, sir.” “Took us eleven hours, Bullock. The barrage starts in half-an-hour.” “I’m with you, sir, I managed to get a rifle, sir:” “Good boy. Who’s that, Trengrove? Here you are, laddie. Six per cent, over-proof.” The rum unsoddened John Bullock; he swung his arms almost cheerfully for another couple of minutes.

It was strangely silent; the suck of his boots as he lifted his feet was loud. Where were the flares? Had Jerry pulled out and gone back. He slid down and slept again. The officer floundered back, without speaking. A hum in the darkness. Aeroplane. It swelled louder, flying very low; the engine made a snarling noise as it passed by only a few yards up. More planes.

The sergeant came splashing along. “Don’t fire at it,” he cried in a loud whisper, “don’t fire.” “Don’t get wind up,” murmured John Bullock into his box respirator. Another passed behind them, and another. He looked up into the frigid night. They passed over higher up, and soon he saw flashes and a few seconds later heard the remote reports of the guns immediately before the swish and flash and clanging crack of shrapnel. Wider flashes and duller reports; the prolonged wait, the slow, coarse buzzing of big stuff. Machine-guns rattled from the brewery at the farther end of the village. Pss-pss-pss-pss, the bullets streaked overhead.

He sat on his heels within the upper slopes of his shell-hole, waiting in a stupor of unreality. “Hi, there, who says rum?” The company sergeant-major, D.C.M., and M.M. with bar, five wound stripes, a small round-headed, black-eyed man with the grin of the world-hardened, was standing above, his tin hat cocked over one ear. Other figures moved to him, and took turns at the canteen. A runner stood behind with the jar. The C.S.M. had drunk nearly a pint of rum.

“Fix bayonets, boys,” he said, grinning and showing his teeth, and speaking with jerky, repressed fury in his voice. “Straight in at the bastards. You know what to do to the kamerards—kamerard them with three inches in the throat, or if you miss, with the butt in the———.” He showed his terrible grin at a salvo of 5.9’s spouting sixty yards behind them, and his lips covered and uncovered his teeth. He seemed to spring away through the mud, laughing, carrying his canteen of rum. John Bullock felt fine, the rum seemed to have taken all feeling out of him—cold, fear, fatigue. He felt only his eyes in. the darkness above his body. His bayonet rasped out of its sheath, and locked grittily. Had he done that? How? He was aware of other bayonets glinting in the livid wavering light, among the luminous smoke drifting away from the rending glare of the enemy barrage.

“How d’you feel, boy,” shouted someone from under the rim of a helmet. “All right!” “So’m I.” “It ain’t so bad as I’d thought-it’d-be.” “No, but I shan’t be sorry when it starts.’’ With rifles slung, they beat their wooden hands on their thighs. Half the sky leapt alight, behind them, there were shouts and cries, a cascade of sound slipped solidly upon them, seeming to John Bullock to swell and converge upon the place where his now very trembling body was large and alone. He saw a long pale shadow before him an instant before it vagged and vanished in the shock of the earth rushing up in fire before him.

He was aware of men going forward, himself with them, of the unreality of all movement, of the barrage which was all-weight and all-sound, so that he was carried forward effortlessly over a land freed from the force of gravity and matter. As in a nightmare of rising green and white showers of light above the rending fire he shouted without sound in a silent world, his senses fused into a glassy delirium which lasted until he realized that of the figures on either side of him some were slowly going down on their knees, their chins on their box-respirators, their rifles loosening from their hands.

He was hot and swearing, and his throat was dried up. That sissing noise and far-away racketting must be emma-gees. Now the fire wall was going down under his nose and streaking sparks were over and he was lying on his back watching a great torn umbrella of mud, while his head was drawn down into his belly.

(The vacuum of a dud shell falling just behind him.) He retched for breath. His ears screamed in his head. He crawled to his knees and looked to see what had happened. Chaps going on forward. He was on his feet in the sissing crisscross and stinking of smoking earth gaping—hullo, hullo, new shell-holes, this must be near the first objective.

They had come three hundred yards already! Cushy! Nothing in going over the top! Then his heart instead of finishing its beat and pausing to beat again swelled out its beat into an ear-bursting agony and great lurid light that leapt out of his broken-apart body with a spinning shriek and the earth was in his eyes and up his nostrils and going away smaller and smaller into blackness and tiny far  away.

Rough and smooth. Rough was wide and large and tilting with sickness. He struggled and struggled to clutch smooth, and it slid away. Rough came back and washed harshly over him. He cried out between the receding of rough and the coining of smooth white, then rough and smooth receded. Thus the day and the night, the wind, and the rain, as he lay, sometimes struggling for consciousness, beside the slight furrow made by the bursting of the 4.2 inch howitzer shell with instantaneous fuse. During the second day his eyes focused on the rim of a tin-hat, and in desperate, clutching to the sky through a swirl and sway of nausea he raised himself on an elbow and looked around. Ragged rough bore him down and smothered him. He glided away again, and opened his eyes into a starry sky, and felt the wildest fear, and cried out for his mother to save him.

The stars were pale, the sky flicked with livid flashes when he awakened shivering and with his immense lolling hot head thumping with shell bursts. He remembered the C.S.M. and the low-flying planes, the barrage and the attack. In wildest fear he screamed out against DEATH. He could feel only his big aching head. Why was it only his head? He heard crying a long way from him and wondered if it was his voice. He struggled to define himself, but everything was so far away. The rough far-away came nearer after blankness, when his head was not so unwieldy large, and he saw his hand and could just move it.

Voices were tilting earth and sky. He heard one say, “This one’s a stiff.” He said, looking at,a face bending over him, “Hullo, Daddy Washout.” Daddy Washout stared at him. “He’s alive, I saw one of his eyes move.” And another voice said, ” We won’t ’arf cop it if they opens up on us. Look, that Jerry over there’s waving ’is arm.” John Bullock tried to tell them he was there, alive. Daddy Washout was peering anxiously at him. “It is John Bullock,” said Daddy Washout. His face grew larger, John Bullock tried to speak. Daddy’s legs’ were wrapped in sandbags. He wore a dirty white and creased band on his arm, marked with the red cross.” He may be living” said Daddy.” Take hold of his feet. Both together. Now!” German and English stretcher-bearers were searching in the churned land, littered with rifles, equipment, cartridges, helmets, and lumps of grey and khaki in every position and still posture, some torn open showing bluish white flesh under broken pink and grey undervests, others bent back and sprawled all ways, gashed, ripped and crumpled.

The four men, each clinging to a handle of the stretcher, now at arm’s length, now on their shoulders, bore John Bullock’s body to the battalion aid post. It was in a pillbox cracked and subsided in one corner, after being hit by a 12-inch shell. The cement interior was ankle-deep in slime, packed with wounded men, many dying, all stinking of corruption after lying out in the crater zone for three days and nights. A German machine-gun stood on an iron sled, swivel in one corner, its cartridge belt jammed in its lock after the water in the cooling-jacket had boiled away. Chips of concrete as big as saucers and plates had flown from the inner walls under the weight of the shells’ concussion.

Light came through the machine-gun splayed slits at giound-level facing north and south and east, but not westwards towards the old British lines; the doorway, with its fixed: and buckled steel door, behind the pill-box, was open to the German shells. Gott Strafe England had been painted on the interior of the door by laughing German pioneers a year before; the corpses of the Germans who had surrendered when their machine-guns had jammed were trodden into the pug around the aid-post. “Cheero Boys,” the padre, had worked round the post for three days and nights without sleep, constantly suppressing his fear, comforting whom he could. Never before had his mind felt so strong and clear; for he believed that Christ had come again to the world, arising in the comradeship of men crucified on the battlefields. He died of nervous exhaustion soon after the Armistice.

FIFTH PHASE

John Bullock’s leg, hanging by a stump of  septic flesh and sinew, having been severed by a stretcher-bearer's jack-knife; the stump having been spattered with iodine and dressed; antitetanus serum having been injected into the flaccid mottled thigh, a tourniquet of puttee and shell-splinter turned; he was covered with a muddy blanket, and the stretcher was placed beside others behind the pill-box. Several times in the afternoon the cases were inspected to see which were dead. Stretchers were needed. Late in the afternoon some prisoners came down and were told off as stretcher-bearers.

The faces of the Germans were toadstool-pale, some twitched and glanced about them with wild eyes. Their eye-balls were flaring with shell-bursts. Their tunics hung slack. Their minds were hollow and ravished. They staggered along the downward duck-track laid parallel to and a  hundred yards away from the road. They passed upward-going troops on the far side of the road. Shells were bursting with airy puffs and black spoutings near and far over the worm-dead watery wastes.

One of John Bullock’s’ many-button’d-grey-coated bearers fell jerking and champing in a fit, and he was tipped off his stretcher. They paused, wondering what to do; shells groaned down the sky, flinging, their black fans of earth and smoke; they crouched, and propped the inert man against  a corpse, to keep his face out of the mud until he should recover. The snoring German was left behind; the clot of figures straggled on in file again. Hope was beginning to flow into their ravished lives. Their spirits saw freedom again, for every step was taking these men out of the war. “Thank you, mates,” whispered John Bullock, to the gasping Jerries as they put down the stretcher to wait for the ambulance. “Good luck, Tommee,” said one, as they stumbled away under escort.

Night shut down the waste land. Rough came back again. He sank under it, struggling. The stretcher slid into the iron grooves within the motor ambulance. His head was rolling; his hands were clawing the rough away from breathing.

While the Ford ambulance was swaying and bumping along the St. Julien road in the darkness, passing the silent battalions going up for tomorrow’s attack, an old man was reading in his Liberal daily newspaper an account of the latest fighting. To his wife in her chair on the other side of the fire, he read—

“But the cry of  No surrender! was in the souls of these gallant men. They had no complaint against the fate that thrust them into the morass nor any whimper against their hard luck."

“Ah!” said the mother, shaking her head.

“Listen!” said Dad.

“I have known nothing finer in this war than the quality of the talk I have heard among the men who fought all day after a night exposed in wild rain, and lay out all that night in water-pools under gun fire, and came back again yesterday wounded, spent, bloody and muddy, cramped and stiff, cold to the marrow bones, and tired after the agony of the long trail back across the barren fields. They did not despair because they had not gained all they had hoped to gain.  ‘We’ll get it all right next time,’ said man after man among them. They all stated the reasons for their bad luck. That faith, that confidence in their own fighting quality, was not dimmed because they had not gone far. The fire of it, the beauty of it, the simplicity of it shone in the eyes of these men, who were racked with aches and shot through with pain, all befouled by the mud, which was in the very pores of their skin, and seared by remembrances of tragic things.”

The mother shook her head slowly.

“Listen to this, mother!”

“While I was talking to these men a figure came and sat on afbench among them, speechless, because no one understood his tongue. It was a wounded German prisoner.  Among all these men of ours who spoke with a fine hopefulness of what they would do next time, he was hopeless. ‘We are lost,’ he said. ‘My division is ended. My friends are all killed. I lay three days in a shell-hole—{‘ein granaten loch’)—and your men helped me out because I was wounded. Your men are good. Your artillery is good. It is very bad for us. We are kaput.’ ”

“On the one side of the fire were the men who think they are winning, whatever checks they may have, and who always attack with that faith in their hearts. On the other side was the man who said, ‘We are finished,’ and sat huddled up in despair. All of them had suffered the same things.”

“English pluck, that’s what it is,” declared the old man, in a voice of proud satisfaction, as he stretched out his feet to the fire.

The wind against the window made a sudden high shriek like mad laughter.

“Ah!” said the mother, wandering and questing in the waste land of her mind. The wind drove the rain hard on the window-pane, curtained dark against air-raids; the wind cried in the cracks, and she heard the cries in the waste land; and she went to get the supper, and came back smiling, for Dad was tired, staying late every -night because all the younger men had gone from the works.

The wind drove the rain over, the dark, crumbled hollows and rubble heaps of Ypres. Long-range high-explosive shrapnel cracked and drifted in woolly-bear smoke over the station where an ambulance train was waiting with anxious driver. Troops marched past, going up for another assault; they marched silently; troops of a division going into the battle for the fourth time. The lightly wounded on the train watched them silently, then turned away and drank hot, sweet, milky tea, in enamel mugs; the rootlets of their minds growing in hope towards England.

The train stopped in the congested area of brown huts and grey-marquees between Poperinghe and the low hills to the south. Here were three new stations, officially, called. Dosinghem, Bandaghem, and Mendinghem. Acres of wooden crosses stretching away from the sidings; iodoform and gangrenous whiffs:, fatigue burial parties working seven days a week: great cheer among the cushy Blighty-ones. John Bullock had a glass of warm sugared milk, with egg and brandy in it. “Thank, you,-sister.”

He gave, between waves of blank pain, his number, name, and regiment. Gun-fire rolled along and flapped the canvas of the marquee. White doctors, yellow rubber gloves. Thermometer, mustn’t bite it, aough! he rolled his head with pain. Dimly realized the blankets peeling off and laid on whiteness, faces peering electric light, snipping scissors swearing down his arm. He felt a prick in his arm and his head buzzed, and he was clawing to get away from rough. He went right, away and swung back again and heard voices which were near and yet far away again.

Rough and smooth. Hullo, Nobby boy, where’ve you been? Dodging the column? Blimey, your haversack and canteen’s cut to rags, and your tin hat’s like a fire-bucket. Nobby, Nobby, what’s up, mate? Nobby faded away, and the rough was up to his knees moving slowly past him like an elephant’s skin, and the rain-prickles glittered in the watery craters. He was hanging over the darkness clawing at rough with a high shriek of mad laughter.

The surgeon, who had worked on an average of sixteen hours a day for the past two months, shook his head “Put him in B Marquee,” he said. A pile of muddy blankets lay in the corner of B marquee, near the door. Each corpse was wrapped in one before being carried out to the cemetery. Every corpse had heard, or said at least once in his army life, ironically,“They even make you pay for the blanket they bury you in!” Cries and screams, groans and wild laughter: the marquee flapped with wind and rippled with gun-fire.

Trains rolled past, miles of grey lorries, the never ceasing rattle of wagon wheels, ambulances, masked lights. In the morning, he was still alive when the burial fatigue, B2 soldiers of a labour company, damp and fed-up from twelve in a tent, looked in. And so he was evacuated, put on the next train to the base, with a ticket tied to the second button of his tunic: number, name, regiment, and the letters ” G.S.W. (Gun shot wound). Left arm, abdomen, buttocks, etc” Groans, cries, and counter-cries.

Water, water, for Christ’s sake. Why can’t a bloke get a bit of sleep. Orderly, bring a bottle, please. Water, water. In, out, on guard. Give ‘em hell, boys. Help, help, for God’s sake don’t leave me. Aoh! For Gawd’s sake put a sock in it! Where’re we going, orderly? Rouen, my God, I’ve been out of bed for three days and nights. Don’t take it to heart, laddie, it’s worse for the boys in the line. Help, help, I can’t get out, don’t leave, me, sir.

The train glided on through the howling darkness, and in the morning they were taken to No. 4 General Hospital,which the Germans had used in 1870 for their wounded. The terrible silence of the white wards, the swish of felt slippers, the terrible white walls and crying, the strange white sheets and beds in a row. Terrible silence at night, beyond the cries and groans in the ward, the throb and ache, ache, ache, of his right foot. Bare blank ceiling, sparks passing across, up and down, and across, up and down, long, long, grey-darkness of night. Whispers and lights round the next bed, then the screams; and the stretcher. Orderly, are we going home? Rough and smooth, the fretted rising of rough and the, glaring blast all over the world.

Nobby, Nobby, what’s up with , your haversack and tunic, torn to shreds, Nobby. The blurred light and whisper, the prick in the arm, the gliding away on lovely smooth. Then the burning throb of his leg and the gurgling suck of the red rubber tube within the wooden cage around his leg. Afternoon, brandy, egg and milk, jolly fine stuff, feeling better. Ticket marked BUNK on his nightshirt. No more football or games, but he would get O.K. The doctor said. Well, he wasn’t sorry to be out of it. Trees on the banks, going Havre, they said. Soup for dinner. Aough! no good, blast the pain, like one great toothache in his leg that wasn’t there.

The sea journey, in darkness became dim-realized in patches, and went on and on. Blighty at last; chaps looking out of the round glass windows; lucky chaps, got cushy Blighties. They would return! Hollow Tear stirred in him, although he wouldn’t go back. Long, everlasting train journey, rough again and bursting head. Mum and Dad were looking at him, Dad asking, smiling, how he was. All right, Dad. Mum, smiling and crying. “No, no, I mustn’t cry,” she muttered, and tried only to smile. Black grapes; why waste money on black grapes, he asked, petulantly. Green are cheaper, and just as nice.” Yes, dear,” whispered Mum. Poor old Mum and Dad, they didn’t know anything.” Well, did you shoot any Huns?” asked Dad, beaming and proud and rather timidly.” I didn’t see one,” he cried.

“Didn’t see one, I bet,” said Dad, proud and knowing. I tell you I DIDN’T, he shrieked suddenly, and the nurse came and said he must sleep now, and Mum stroked his hair, and John Bullock’s face was puckered and shaking with sobs. His father, standing by the bed, hat in hand, looked sad and bewildered.

Months and months of pain and contentment: regular grub and fags, military band outside once a week, and sometimes a theatre, riding in a toff’s car. The stump healed clean. He grew fat and happy, and lost all interest in the war. Never wanted to hear of it again. It hadn’t been such a bad time, taken all-round: he wouldn’t have missed it, really. They said you could do a lot on an artificial leg.

In his suit of hospital blue, with trouser turned-up showing six inches of white lining, and red tie, John Bullock used to swing himself along on his single leg between crutches, to sit in the public park, sometimes with some of the boys, sometimes by himself. He was contented, watching the couples on the grass, and talking to children.

He was out in the street on 11th November, waiting for the maroons to go off at eleven o’clock, when an old toff stopped him and asked him how he had lost his leg. John Bullock told him. A five-nine, as we were going over. The toff soon lost interest, and when the flags were waving, he said: “Well, I suppose it’s a good thing it’s over, but in my opinion the Government is weak. We ought to have driven the Huns back into Berlin, and given their country a taste of what they gave France.”

“Ah!” said John Bullock, shifting on his leg.

“However,” said the old gentleman, giving him a cigar, as he prepared to move on, to see the fun. Whistles were blowing, people shouting and singing, motor horns honking, and a deuce of a fine old row everywhere. “We always did do things in England by halves.” At this moment a very little boy ran up, waving a flag: and seeing his daddy talking to someone, he stopped. “Look, daddy, look” cried the little boy. “The poor man hasn’t got only one boot on!”

“Ssh! You mustn’t notice such things!” said the toff. “This good man is a hero. Yes” he went on, “we’ll see that England doesn’t forget you fellows.”

“We are England,” said John Bullock, with a slow smile. The old gentleman could not look him in the eyes; and the little boy ceased to wave his flag, and stared sorrowfully at the poor man.

EPILOGUE

HERE ENDS

THE PATRIOT’S PROGRESS WHICH WAS CUT IN LINO BY WILLIAM KERMODE AT KEW GARDENS IN SURREY IN MCMXXIX WRITTEN BY HENRY WILLIAMSON IN THE VILLAGE OF HAM IN DEVON IN THE SAME YEAR PRINTED BY THE EUSTON PRESS AT FOUR EUSTON BUILDINGS IN NORTH-WEST LONDON AND PUBLISHED BY GEOFFREY BLES AT TWENTY-TWO SUFFOLK STREET PALL MALL LONDON MCMXXX